Abstract: An internal combustion engine in which the oil content of blow-by gas is reduced by conveying the blow-by gas (34) away from the engine to be cooled in a heat exchanger (30). Oil (40) condensing from the cooled blow-by gas (34) is returned to the engine and the cooled blow-by gas is exhausted to atmosphere or conveyed to the engine air intake system.

Abstract: A method and a device for setting backlash between gears in a gear train. The device comprises a gear device. When the gear device is located in a gear train with a drive gear and a driven gear and brought into mesh therewith, the drive and driven gears mountings can be fastened to secure the positions of said drive and driven gears. The gear device can then be removed and is replaced by an idler gear designed to mesh with the drive and driven gears with an amount of backlash with each predetermined by the gear device. The gear device may comprise a gear oversized by a preset amount. Alternatively, it may comprise a pair of rods pivotally secured together.

Abstract: A method for reducing stress at a junction of high pressure fluid flow passages in a body involves passage intersected by a secondary passage. The depression is formed to generally surround an outlet of the secondary passage but be spaced therefrom In one embodiment, the depression is circular, i.e. ring-shaped.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes an insert defining an air chamber opening into the combustion chamber. The insert is preformed to a desired configuration and the piston cast around the insert thus securing the insert within the structure of the piston. The insert may be located wholly within the piston or may have a flange part which extends over an outer surface of the piston.

Abstract: An assembly of auxiliary apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a coolant pump, an oil cooler device, and an oil filter unit combined and interconnected as a unitary unit for mounting on the internal combustion engine. The oil cooler device includes a housing having an oil pathway and a coolant pathway formed therein. The pathways are arranged to allow heat exchange between oil and coolant flowing through the pathways. The housing has a mounting surface for attachment to the internal combustion engine such that the oil pathway and the coolant pathway both extend beyond the mounting surface and into a recess of a wall of the engine. The assembly allows the engine envelope size to be reduced.

Abstract: A method of operating a two-coil solenoid valve of the type including an armature member located in a housing for movement between a first electromagnet and a second electromagnet, each electromagnet being located adjacent to a respective end of the armature member and being switchable between an on state and an off state. In order to move the armature member from a first position closely adjacent to the first electromagnet to a second position closely adjacent to the second electromagnet, the electromagnets are controlled to be at the same initial switched state and subsequently one of the electromagnets is switched to the other switched state for a first predetermined period sufficient to allow the resultant pull exerted on the armature member to be such that the armature member is caused to move towards the second electromagnet.

Abstract: A no back-lash gearing mechanism comprises meshing toothed elements. At least one of the toothed elements has a number of teeth having an undulated, "S"-shaped, transverse section. The teeth are arranged such that, when the toothed elements mesh, one of the teeth having the undulated form makes at least one point of contact with each of two opposing adjacent teeth of the other element thus preventing back-lash.

Abstract: A fluid flow control valve includes first and second electrically conductive body members separated by an electrically active separation member having electrical resistance. A valve actuation member is slidably located within the second body member, making a sliding electrical contact with the second body member. The valve actuation member can move from a first position spaced from the first body member to a second position electrically connecting the first body member with the second body member, thus forming a low resistance electrical connection. In its first position spaced from the first body member, the resistance of the electrical connection between the body members depends on the electrical resistance of the separation member.

Abstract: A rocker arm lubrication arrangement for an engine includes a shaft which pivotally mounts a number of rocker arms. The shaft has a longitudinally extending lubricant supply bore and radially upwardly extending supply bores corresponding to positions of the rocker arms. Lubricant passes along the longitudinally extending supply bore to the radially extending bores and then exits via corresponding bores in the rocker arms. The lubricant is under pressure and thus exits as jets of lubricant which impinge on an underside of an engine cover to be returned as a lubricant spray. The rocker arms may be arranged on the shaft such that the jets are intermittent.

Abstract: A variable timing gear device for an engine component driven by a drive system from the engine drive shaft. The gear device comprises an epicyclic or differential gear mechanism, an input of which is driven from the engine drive shaft and an output being connected to the driven shaft of the component. The device allows the drive speed between the input and output to be varied. The device may include means for varying the phase relationship between the engine drive shaft and the driven shaft of the component.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine. The system includes an injector assembly for injecting fuel under pressure into the combustion chamber of an engine. The system also includes an intensifier assembly for intensifying the pressure of the fuel supplied to the injector assembly. This is incorporated in the cylinder head or attached to the cylinder head or an engine valve cover of the engine remote from the injector assembly. Intensified fuel passes from the intensifier assembly to the injector assembly via a conduit. This arrangement of injector assembly, intensifier assembly and fuel conduit reduces the over cylinder space required, particularly for a cylinder head arrangement with vertically projecting injector assemblies.