Abstract: High contrast, sensitivity and bath life is obtainable by the addition of inorganic salts, preferably a carbonate, to an aqueous alkali metal base containing a carboxylated surfactant. The preferred alkali metal bases are potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. The carboxylated surfactants contemplated by the invention are those encompassed with the formula:R--O--(CH.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --COOXwherein R is a hydrocarbon radical of 6-18 carbon atoms alkyl radical, n has a value of 1-24 and X is a cation such as K.sup.+, Na.sup.+, or H.sup.+. The gain in sensitivity with the incorporation of an inorganic compound furnishing ions, typically an inorganic salt, to the developer with the carboxylated surfactant compared to the sensitivity obtained with developers with carboxylated surfactant and inorganic salts omitted was typically two fold and greater without a corresponding film loss. Examples of salts are those that contain the anions SO.sub.4.sup.2-, CO.sub.3.sup.2-, Cl.sup.-, PO.sub.4.sup.

Abstract: Melt processable pseudointerpenetrating polymer networks (pseudo- or semi-IPNs) of silicones in thermoplastic matrices and methods of producing same are provided by vulcanizing the silicones within the matrices. The silicone component of the network is preferably the reaction product of a polymeric hydride group - containing silicone and a polymer containing at least one unsaturated group, preferably a vinyl group. The polymer containing unsaturated groups may be a silicone polymer also, or may be a non-silicone polymer such as a styrene, butadiene or urethane polymer or copolymer. Depending on certain parameters chain-extended (thermoplastic) or cross-linked (thermosetting) compositions are produced.

Abstract: A method of treating a surface to be contacted by a protein-containing fluid reduces protein adsorption to the surface. The method comprises coating or siliconizing the surface with a lower alkyl silane selected from the group consisting of monoalkyl silanes of the formula RSiX.sub.3 wherein R is selected from ethyl and branched (C.sub.3 -C.sub.5) alkyl and X is selected from hydrolyzable groups, such as halogen or lower alkoxy, and dialkyl silanes of the formula R'.sub.2 SiX.sub.2 wherein R' is (C.sub.2 -C.sub.5) alkyl and X is as described above. For example, borosilicate glass vessels for storing blood may be treated.

Abstract: A novel low metal ion developer composition used in a two step process which provided high contrast images and long developer bath life is provided. The process gives high contrast images. The substrate coated with positive photoresist is exposed then immersed in a "predip" bath, rinsed, and then, immersed in the developer bath, rinsed and dried. This process provided high contrast which does not decrease over the life of the developer system. The system consists of (1) a predip solution containing aqueous non-metal ion organic base and a cationic surfactant adjusted to a concentration that does not give development, and (2) a developer solution containing an aqueous solution of an non-metal ion organic base and a fluorochemical surfactant adjusted to a concentration that provides development. The high contrast is achieved by the cationic surfactant coating the resist and inhibiting the attack on the unexposed resist by the developer while permitting the developer to dissolve away the exposed resist.

Abstract: Organosilicon compounds referred to as silacrown ethers or "silacrowns" are of the general formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are organic radicals or hydrogen and n is an integer between 4 and 10 inclusive. Silacrown ethers are prepared by reacting polyethylene glycol with substituted silanes under conditions promoting cyclization over polymerization. Silacrown ethers may be employed as phase-transfer catalysts in solution or immobilized on siliceous supports.

Abstract: A positive photoresist metal ion aqueous developer is provided that gives a high contrast to the photoresist.The developer disclosed comprises a formulation of aqueous alkali-base such as potassium hydroxide and a carboxylated surfactant. The incorporation of the carboxylated surfactant provides the unexpected increase in the contrast of the photoresist. The addition of the carboxylated surfactant increases the gamma from a typical photoresist gamma (.gamma.) of 3 or less to a gamma greater than 5.The high contrast photoresist provides linewidth control and affords improved process latitude in photoresist imaging. The linewidth control is particularly critical in cases where fine lines are to be defined in the resist that covers steps of topography on the coated substrate. The higher the contrast, the less affected the resist by the topography, provided the exposure is adequate to expose the resist.

Abstract: A positive photoresist metal ion aqueous developer is provided that gives a high contrast to the photoresist.The developer disclosed comprises a formulation of aqueous alkali-base such as potassium hydroxide and a fluorocarbon surfactant. The incorporation of the fluorocarbon surfactant provides the unexpected increase in the contrast of the photoresist. The addition of the fluorocarbon surfactant increases the gamma from a typical photoresist gamma (.gamma.) of 3 or less to a gamma greater than 10.The high contrast photoresist provides linewidth control and affords improved process latitude in photoresist imaging. The linewidth control is particularly critical in cases where fine lines are to be defined in the resist that covers steps or topography on the coated substrate. The higher the contrast, the less affected the resist by the topography, provided the exposure is adequate to expose the resist.

Abstract: Linear polysilane-siloxane copolymers having remarkable sensitivity to radiation have the general formula[(SiMe.sub.2).sub.m ].sub.a [(OSiMeR).sub.n ].sub.bwherein Me is a methyl group, R is lower alkyl or phenyl, m=4 to about 30 inclusive, n=1 to about 100 inclusive, a and b may each be 1 to about 10 inclusive, and a units alternate with b units. The copolymers of the invention may be in the form of oligomers, random copolymers where n=1 to 9, block copolymers where n=10 to 100, and mixed (random and block) copolymers. These copolymers may also be in the form of modified copolymers having reactive functional groups such as acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl or other unsaturated substitutions. The copolymers may be produced by formation of a halogen terminated oligomer of a polysilane or polysilane-siloxane copolymer, followed by coupling the oligomers with themselves or with distinct higher molecular weight silanol terminated siloxane species.

Abstract: Modified silacrown ethers are formed having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are organic radicals, hydrogen or groups which actively assist in the complexing of metal cations, n is an integer between 3 and 10 inclusive, and R.sup.3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl. These modified silacrown ethers are prepared by reacting a polyalkylene glycol with substituted silanes under conditions promoting cyclization over polymerization. The modified silacrown ethers are useful for forming cation complexes and promoting anionic reactions, particularly in phase transfer reactions either in solution or immobilized on siliceous supports.

Abstract: Cyclic silazanes which are particularly useful for the formation of silicon nitrides have the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Me represents methyl (CH.sub.3), n=3-6, x=0-1 and y=0.25-1. These N-methylhydridosilazanes are a convenient source of silicon nitride by chemical vapor deposition to form films for masking layers and dielectric coatings with reduced levels of silicon carbide contamination in the silicon nitride. Low molecular weight, linear polymers of the N-methylhydridosilazanes are also useful in the preparation of silicon nitrides by evaporation from liquid solutions and subsequent pyrolysis and are particularly useful for infiltration of refractories. Particularly preferred compounds of the invention are 2,6 di-N-methyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasilazane; 2,4,6,8-tetra-N-methyl-1,5-dimethylcyclotetrasilazane and their polymeric derivatives.

Abstract: Cyclotrisilazanes, including hexamethylcyclotrisilazane, a difunctional blocking agent used to derivatize and protect active hydrogen-containing substrates during chemical analysis and synthetic reactions, may be prepared by heating cyclotetrasilazanes using a Group VIII catalyst in the presence of hydrogen. In addition, the average degree of polymerization of cyclosilazane compositions may be reduced.

Abstract: Optically clear lenses, particularly contact lenses, may be prepared from an alloy of a polyacrylate resin and a siloxane-styrene copolymer, the alloy having an oxygen permeability greater than the polyacrylate resin. Preferably the polyacrylate is polymethylmethacrylate or methylacrylate-ethylacrylate copolymer, and the siloxane-styrene copolymer is preferably a polydimethylsiloxane-alpha-methylstyrene block copolymer. The alloy composition may be produced by melt mixing, preferably by polymerizing acrylate monomers in the presence of siloxane-styrene copolymer.

Abstract: A melt processable pseudointerpenetrating network of silicones in thermoplastic matrices and a method of producing same is provided by vulcanizing the silicones within the matrices. In a preferred embodiment a two part silicone comprising silicon hydride groups and silicon vinyl-containing groups are reacted in the presence of a platinum complex. Depending on certain parameters chain-extended (thermoplastic) or cross-linked (thermosetting) compositions are produced.

Abstract: The preparation of pure mixed alkoxyaminosilanes is described corresponding to the general formula:R.sub.m Si(OR').sub.n (NR"R'").sub.pwherein:R is hydrogen, short chain alkyl or alkenyl or aryl;R" and R'" are separately either hydrogen, short chain alkyl or aryl, at least one being other than hydrogen;R' is short chain alkyl or aryl; andm, n and p are integers such that m+n+p=4 and n and p are at least one each.The obtained compounds are employed in endcapping of polysiloxanes having terminal silane groups.

Abstract: Contact lenses are fabricated from a mixture of polymethymethacrylate and polydimethylsiloxane-bisphenol A carbonate block copolymers. The lenses so produced exhibit excellent oxygen permeability.

Abstract: [2-(p-t-Butylphenyl)ethyl]silanes are provided having the general formula:Si(B).sub.x (R).sub.y (A).sub.zwherein B is a (p-t-butylphenyl)ethyl moiety, R is an alkyl or aryl moiety and A is a hydrolyzeable moiety; x equals 1 or 2, y equals 0, 1 or 2 and z equals 1, 2 or 3 such that x plus y plus z equals 4. The bulky substituted silanes are produced by the hydrosilylation of p-t-butylstyrene.[2-(p-t-Butylphenyl)ethyl] substituted disiloxanes are also provided, having the general formula:(B).sub.x (R).sub.y (A).sub.z Si--O--Si(A).sub.z (R).sub.y (B).sub.xwherein B, R, A, x, y and z are as defined above except that z equals 0,1 or 2 and x plus y plus z equals 3. The bulky substituted disiloxanes are produced by the hydrolysis of above-described bulky substituted silanes.

Abstract: Organosilicon compounds referred to as silacrown ethers or "silacrowns" are of the general formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are organic radicals or hydrogen and n is an integer between 4 and 10 inclusive. Silacrown ethers are prepared by reacting polyethylene glycol with substituted silanes under conditions promoting cyclization over polymerization. Silacrown ethers may be employed as phase-transfer catalysts in solution or immobilized on siliceous supports.

Abstract: Ethylene bridged benzylamine trifunctional silanes are provided having the general formula:Z--CH.sub.2 --Ph--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --SiX.sub.3wherein Ph is a phenyl group, at least one X is a hydrolyzable group and Z is a non-hydrolyzable amine functional group. At least one X group is that which is displaced by hydrolysis during the well known reactions of silanes with siliceous substrates, and is preferably methoxy, ethoxy or methoxyethoxy. The Z group is intended to react and bond with polymers in the formation of polymer composites reinforced with siliceous substrates such as glass fibers. The Z group is preferably an amine or alkyl diamine group. The silanes of the invention have excellent thermal stability so that they may be used as coupling agents for composites in which the polymers are processed at temperatures in excess of 350.degree. C. and/or are subject to temperatures in excess of 150.degree. C. for extended periods of time.

Abstract: A melt processable pseudointerpenetrating network of silicones in thermoplastic matrices and a method of producing same is provided by vulcanizing the silicones within the matrices. In a preferred embodiment a two part silicone comprising silicon hydride groups and silicon vinyl-containing groups are reacted in the presence of a platinum complex. Depending on certain parameters chain-extended (thermoplastic) or cross-linked (thermosetting) compositions are produced.