Abstract: As-mined oil sand is crushed to −5 inch by a sequentially arranged pair of double roll crushers. The crushed oil sand is fed into a hopper feeding a jet pump. Water or recycled slurry is fed under pressure as motive fluid to the jet pump. The motive fluid jet(s) produced internally by the jet pump are operative to fluidize the oil sand and the components of the slurry mix turbulently in the jet pump's tubular mixer. It is found that the slurry issuing from the jet pump is aerated and largely free of lumps.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid comprises an isoparaffinic base oil and hydrogen donor compound. The base oil may be a hydroisomerized isoparaffinic oil, and the hydrogen donor may be a substituted, or partially saturated aromatic compound. The resulting dielectric fluid exhibits negative hydrogen gassing properties along with good oxidative stability and low temperature performance.

Abstract: As-mined oil sand is crushed to −5 inch by a sequentially arranged pair of double roll crushers. The crushed oil sand is fed into a hopper feeding a jet pump. Water or recycled slurry is fed under pressure as motive fluid to the jet pump. The motive fluid jet(s) produced internally by the jet pump are operative to fluidize the oil sand and the components of the slurry mix turbulently in the jet pump's tubular mixer. It is found that the slurry issuing from the jet pump is aerated and largely free of lumps.

Abstract: The process has to do with a circuit involving a fluidized bed coker reactor working in tandem with a fluidized bed coke burner. The burner is operated at a reduced temperature in the range 550° C.-630° C. Simultaneously, the coke circulation rate is increased to ensure the heat requirement of the reactor is met. It is found that sulphur emissions from the burner are significantly reduced.

Abstract: Diluent-diluted bitumen froth containing bitumen and naphtha diluent, hydrocarbons, water, sand and fines (collectively “dilfroth”) is fed into a vapor-tight gravity settler (‘splitter’) and temporarily retained to produce a bottom layer of tails comprising sand and middlings, a rag layer of discrete three-dimensional structures, each comprising hydrocarbons contained in a skin of fines, and a top layer of hydrocarbons containing small droplets of water and fines (‘raw dilbit’). The flux in the splitter is less than 6 m3/h of dilfroth fed per m2 of horizontal cross-sectional rag area. The in-coming dilfroth is fed directly into the splitter middlings. Demulsifier is added to the overflow stream of raw dilbit and the mixture is subjected to prolonged settling in a vapor-tight polisher tank, to produce polished dilbit containing less than 1.0 wt. % water and 0.3 wt. % solids. The splitter underflow tails, containing less than 15 wt.

Abstract: A method of stimulating a downhole formation according to which a plurality of jet nozzles are located in a spaced relation to the wall of the formation to form an annulus between the nozzles and the formation. An acid-containing, stimulation fluid is pumped at a predetermined pressure through the nozzles, into the annulus and against the wall of the formation. A gas is pumped into the annulus so that the stimulation fluid mixes with the gas to generate foam before the mixture is jetted towards the formation to impact the wall of the formation.

Abstract: A preferred emulsifier blend includes ethoxylated alcohols containing hydrocarbons of C10-C16 and preferably having on average at least 2.8 ethoxy and/or alcohol groups per chain and a glycerol mono- and/or dioleates, preferably in a ratio of from 9:1 to 4:6. These emulsion blends are particularly useful when mixed with hydroisomerized oils and water, for subsequent application as a spray oil to agricultural crops. The emulsion blends of the present invention also find particular utility when mixed with conventional spray oils and hard water.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the use of a white oil having a select viscosity as an extrusion lubricant for PVC, including PVC potable water pipe.

Abstract: A slurry feed of a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock and coke-inhibiting additive particles together with a hydrogen-containing gas, are fed upward through a confined hydrocracking zone in a vertical, elongated, cylindrical vessel with a generally dome-shaped bottom head. A mixed effluent is removed from the top containing hydrogen and vaporous hydrocarbons and liquid heavy hydrocarbons. The slurry feed mixture and a portion of the hydrogen-containing gas are fed into the hydrocracking zone through an injector at the bottom of the dome-shaped bottom head and the balance of the hydrogen-containing gas is fed into the hydrocracking zone through injection nozzles arranged within of the hydrocracking zone at a location above the slurry-feed injector. The combined slurry feed and hydrogen-containing gas are injected at a velocity whereby the additive particles are maintained in suspension throughout the vessel and coking reactions are prevented.

Abstract: A preferred emulsifier blend includes ethoxylated alcohols containing hydrocarbons of C10-C16 and preferably having on average at least 2.8 ethoxy and/or alcohol groups per chain and a glycerol mono- and/or dioleates, preferably in a ratio of from 9:1 to 4:6. These emulsion blends are particularly useful when mixed with hydroisomerized oils and water, for subsequent application as a spray oil to agricultural crops. The emulsion blends of the present invention also find particular utility when mixed with conventional spray oils and hard water.

Abstract: An antistatic composition for treating a substrate such as paper for use in a photocopier or the like, in rolls, or bundles in which sheets of the substrate are individually fed from a bundle of sheets of the substrate, comprises a single phase hydrocarbon oil composition. The hydrocarbon oil may optionally include additional antistatic additives. The composition reduces static between the individual sheets in the bundle, thus reducing paper misfeeds and jams when individual sheets in the bundle are fed into the photocopier. Also disclosed is a method of treating a substrate for use in a photocopier in which sheets of the substrate are individually fed from a bundle of sheets of the substrate, or rolls of a substrate, with an antistatic composition to reduce static between the individual sheets of the substrate. The method includes applying an antistatic composition including a hydrocarbon oil to at least one lateral margin of the bundle of sheets of the substrate.

Abstract: A fluid suitable for use as the continuous phase in a drilling fluid is disclosed. The fluid is prepared by the sequential hydrotreating, hydroisomerization and hydrogenation of a crude oil feedstock. The fluid has good low temperature properties, including pour point and accordingly is useable in cold environments. A method of producing the fluid is also disclosed. The fluid may also be used as an additive to a drilling fluid having a continuous aqueous phase wherein it may act as, for example, a rate of penetration enhancer or a spotting fluid. The fluid may also be used as an additive to known drilling fluids such as internal olefins.

Abstract: Aerated bitumen froth obtained from oil sands must be deaerated so that it can be pumped through a pipeline. Mechanical shearing is effective to deaerate bitumen froth to an air content of below 10 volume percent. Mechanical deaeration of bitumen froth can be achieved either by passing the froth through a confining passageway and shearing the froth with an impeller while it is in the passageway or temporarily retaining the aerated froth in a tank and circulating it repeatedly through a pump.

Abstract: A paraffinic solvent is mixed with bitumen froth containing water and solids. Sufficient solvent is added to induce inversion when the mixture is subjected to gravity or centrifugal forces. The emulsion reports to the water phase and a dry bitumen product virtually free of inorganic solids, is obtained.

Abstract: A system of reciprocating bottom hole sucker rod pumps, situated in an oil well, to produce an oil rich stream to surface and inject a water stream to a same wellbore disposal zone. Two pumps vertically in tandem are actuated by a single sucker rod string. Separate intakes for each pump are situated so as to allow for gravity to segregate oil and water in the wellbore before reaching the intakes. Both streams are produced out of the pumps on the upstroke. Injection of the water stream is facilitated by an outer housing around the bottom pump to redirect flow to a disposal zone.

Abstract: A large capacity cyclonic separator is used for desanding a conditioned aqueous oil sand slurry comprising aerated bitumen, water and sand to produce pumpable, pipelineable lean froth and sand tailings. The cyclone separator is a vessel which forms an elongated cylindrical separation chamber and has a tangential slurry inlet at one end and, at the opposite end, a peripheral sand removal outlet and a centrally positioned vortex finder. Oil sand slurry is continually tangentially introduced into the cyclone separator to form a rotating vortex, which generates a centrifugal force. The lean froth migrates to the center of the vortex to form an inner core and is removed via the vortex finder. The sand tailings migrate to the outer reaches of the vortex and are co-currently is removed via the sand removal outlet.

Abstract: A large, mechanically agitated pump box is used between a mixer, for mixing oil sand and water to produce a slurry, and a pipeline for conveying the slurry to a processing facility. Prior to the aqueous slurry being discharged into the pump box from the mixer, it is screened to reject large solids. The oversize is directed to an impactor where it is comminuted and the comminuted product is screened again prior to being discharged into the pump box. The pump box is designed to increase the residence time of the slurry in the pump box and to separate the slurry into two phases, the suspended slurry and the larger lumps that cannot be suspended. The larger lumps that settle in the pump box are recycled to the impactor for comminution.

Abstract: A mixer circuit, in the form of a vertically oriented stack of components, functions to slurry oil sand with water in preparation for pumping through a pipeline. The oil sand is initially dropped from the end of a conveyor. It is contacted in mid-air with a stream of water to distribute the water through the oil sand and to wet the latter. The mixture drops into a downwardly slanted trough. The water and oil sand mix as they move turbulently through the open-ended trough. The slurry is deflected as it leaves the trough and is spread in the form of a thin sheet on an apron. It is then fed over screens to reject oversize lumps. The screened slurry drops into a pump box. The rejected lumps are comminuted in an impactor positioned at the end of the screens. The comminuted oil sand is screened to remove remaining oversize lumps and the screened comminuted oil sands are delivered into the pump box. The structure is compact and the oversize reject loss is relatively low.

Abstract: Average grade oil sand is mixed with water to produce a low temperature (20-35.degree. C.), dense (1.4-1.65 g/cc) slurry. The slurry is pumped through a pipeline for sufficient time to condition it. Air is injected into the slurry after the last pump. The slurry density is adjusted to about 1.5 g/cc by adding flood water near the end of the pipeline. The slurry is introduced into a primary separation vessel slurry as it is introduced into the (PSV), excess air is vented from the PSV and a hot water underwash is used to heat the froth produced. Slurry loading to the PSV is greater than about 4.78 tonnes of oil sand/hour/square meter to reduce velocity gradient in the fluid in the vessel. Bitumen froth is recovered. When fed low grade oil sand, the process is modified by adding flotation aid chemicals to the slurry in the pipeline and subjecting the PSV tailings and middlings to secondary recovery with agitation and aeration in a secondary separation vessel.

Abstract: A process for hydrocracking a heavy hydrocarbon oil feedstock, a substantial portion of which boils above 524.degree. C. is described which includes the steps of: (a) passing a slurry feed of a mixture of heavy hydrocarbon oil feedstock and from about 0.01-4.0% by weight (based on fresh feedstock) of coke-inhibiting additive particles upwardly through a confined vertical hydrocracking zone, the hydrocracking zone being maintained at a temperature between about 350.degree. and 600.degree. C. a pressure of at least 3.