Abstract: A bacterial high-expression system which is applicable for simultaneous screening of large numbers of recombinant clones from combinatorial antibody libraries is disclosed. The method pertains to screening of single chain antibodies from libraries expressed in the periplasm of E. coli by secretion. By this approach, approximately 104 clones can be screened in a single round. After screening, the clones, which express the recombinant antibodies to the desired antigen, can be directly used for production of large quantities of antibodies from microorganism culture. The system is especially attractive for fast screening of antibody libraries from a hybridoma source. A refolding method for the large-scale production of biologically active scFv-6 his proteins from bacterial inclusion bodies is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of microorganisms for the generation of ethanol from lignocellulosic waste materials. Yeast strains of the genus Kluyveromyces which have the capability to ferment cellulose, hexose sugars to ethanol are provided. Also provided are methods for converting cellulose, hexoses, or mixed hydrolysates of hexoses to ethanol by fermentation with Kluyveromyces strains. The invention also provides methods to isolate yeast strains which metabolize cellulose, pentoses, or hemicelluloses from waste materials.