Abstract: The present invention provides for the treatment of primary headache disorders, particularly migraine, using antagonists of the EP4 receptor for prostaglandin E2. Particular EP4 receptor antagonists include azole compounds of formula (I): wherein R1 is a group such as lower alkyl substituted with carboxy; R2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R3 and R4 are aryl optionally substituted with halogen, Q is in which -A1- is a single bond or lower alkylene, is a cyclo group, -A3- is a single bond or lower alkylene, and X is O, NH or S; or a salt or its solvate thereof.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): or a salt, solvate and chemically protected form thereof, wherein: R5 is an optionally substituted C5-20 aryl or C4-20 alkyl group; A is selected from the group consisting of: wherein X and Y are selected from the group consisting of: O and CR3; S and CR3; NH and CR3; NH and N; O and N; S and N; N and S; and N and O, and where the dotted lines indicate a double bond in the appropriate location, and where Q is either N or CH; R3 is selected from H, F, Cl and optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C5-7 aryl and C5-7 aryl-C1-4 alkyl groups; R4 is selected from H, F, Cl and optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C5-7 aryl and C5-7 aryl-C1-4 alkyl groups; R6 is selected from H, F, Cl and optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C5-7 aryl and C5-7 aryl-C1-4 alkyl groups; D is selected from: B is selected from the group consisting of: where RN? is selected from H and C1-4 alkyl; where one of RP3 and RP4 is —Cm alkylene-R2 and the other of RP3

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): or a salt, solvate and chemically protected form thereof, wherein: R5 is an optionally substituted C5-20 aryl or C4-20 alkyl group; A is selected from the group consisting of: wherein X and Y are selected from the group consisting of: O and CR3; S and CR3; NH and CR3; NH and N; O and N; S and N; N and S; and N and O, and where the dotted lines indicate a double bond in the appropriate location, and where Q is either N or CH; R3 is selected from H, F, Cl and optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C5-7 aryl and C5-7 aryl-C1-4 alkyl groups; R4 is selected from H, F, Cl and optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C5-7 aryl and C5-7 aryl-C1-4 alkyl groups; R6 is selected from H, F, Cl and optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C5-7 aryl and C5-7 aryl-C1-4 alkyl groups; D is selected from: B is selected from the group consisting of: where RN? is selected from H and C1-4 alkyl; where one of RP3 and RP4 is —Cm alkylene-R2 and t

Abstract: The present invention provides for the treatment of primary headache disorders, particularly migraine, using antagonists of the EP4 receptor for prostaglandin E2.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved method for quantitation of two target genes in a simultaneous PCR, without the need to determine limiting primer concentrations for both targets. In particular, the invention provides a method of quantitation of expression of a first and a second target protein-encoding nucleic acids using a PCR based assay in which amplification of nucleic acid is detected by release of a reporter fluorescent signal which is measured as a nomialized reporter value (“deltaRn”).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the finding that receptors for the neurotransmitter 5-HT of the 5-HT2B class are located on the human colon, and that their activation potentiates neuronally-mediated responses, and are thus causative in the abnormal motility and pain associated with IBS. The invention provides a method of treatment of IBS which comprises providing to a patient in need of treatment an effective amount of a 5HT2B receptor antagonist which acts on 5HT2B receptors located in the colon of said patient. Such antagonists may be administered in the form of compositions adapted to be delivered to the colon, such as depot formulations and suppositories. Assay methods for the development of compounds for the treatment of IBS are also provided.