Abstract: A cathode in a solid oxide fuel cell containing AgPrCoO3. The operating temperature range of the cathode is from about 400° C. to about 850° C.

Abstract: Low sulfur gasoline blend stock is produced by a hydrodesulfurization process including at least two hydrodesulfurization reactors with hydrogen feeds and two finishing reactors arranged where the first polishing reactor converts both thiophenic compounds and mercaptans to hydrogen sulfide and hydrocarbons and the second polishing reactor uses a catalyst that has much less thiophenic conversion activity but is operated at a higher temperature to more substantially reduce the sulfur content of the gasoline present in the form of mercaptans. As the conversion of thiophenes to hydrogen sulfide is correlated to reducing octane number, using a second polishing reactor that has little activity for thiophene conversion also protects the high-octane species in the gasoline thereby minimizing octane loss while reducing total sulfur content to acceptable levels. The sulfur left in the gasoline is biased toward higher thiophene content and away from mercaptan content.

Abstract: A random copolymer comprising the monomer units A and B. In this random copolymer A comprises and B comprises Additionally, R1 R2, R3 and R4 are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, ester, ketone and aryl groups. X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, ester, ketone, amide and aryl groups.

Abstract: A random copolymer comprising the monomer units A, B and C. In this random copolymer A comprises B comprises and C comprises an aryl group. Additionally, R1 R2, R3 and R4 are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, ester, ketone and aryl groups. X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, ester, ketone, amide and aryl groups.

Abstract: A random copolymer comprising the monomer units A and B. In this random copolymer A comprises and B comprises an aryl group. Additionally, R1 and R2 are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, ester, ketone and aryl groups. X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, ester, ketone, amide and aryl groups.

Abstract: A random copolymer comprising the monomer units A, B and C. In this random copolymer A comprises B comprises and C comprises an aryl group. Additionally, R1 R2, R3 and R4 are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, ester, ketone and aryl groups. X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, ester, ketone, amide and aryl groups.

Abstract: A random copolymer comprising the monomer units A and B. In this random copolymer A comprises and B comprises Additionally, R1 R2, R3 and R4 are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, ester, ketone and aryl groups. X1 and X2 are different and at least one is a Cl and the other is selected from the group consisting of: H, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, ester, ketone, amide and aryl groups.

Abstract: A random copolymer comprising the monomer units A and B. In this random copolymer A comprises and B comprises Additionally, R1 R2, R3 and R4 are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, ester, ketone and aryl groups. X1 and X2 are identical and selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, ester, ketone, amide and aryl groups.

Abstract: A redox flow battery is described that does not include ion-exchange resin such as an expensive proton exchange membrane but rather uses immiscible catholyte and anolyte liquids in contact at a liquid-liquid interface. Solvents and electrochemically active components of the anolyte and catholyte would not cross the liquid-liquid interface between the anolyte and catholyte, but certain ions in each of the anolyte and catholyte would cross the interface during charging and discharging of the redox flow battery. Suitable chemical options are described along with system options for utilizing immiscible phases.

Abstract: Systems for the catalytic activation and/or dehydrogenation of a paraffin feed stream that is enriched in C5 alkanes to produce olefins that are then hydrated in the presence of water to produce C5 alcohols. Optionally, paraffin isomers are separated and the n-paraffins isomerized prior to catalytic activation and/or dehydrogenation.

Abstract: Processes for the catalytic activation and/or dehydrogenation of a paraffin feed stream that is enriched in C5 alkanes to produce olefins that are then hydrated in the presence of water to produce C5 alcohols. Optionally, paraffin isomers are separated and the n-paraffins isomerized prior to catalytic activation and/or dehydrogenation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally processes and systems for converting a C2-C7 light alkanes feed to liquid transportation fuels or value-added chemicals. The feed is contacted with an aromatization catalyst at a temperature and pressure that selectively converts C4 and larger alkanes to an intermediate product comprising monocyclic aromatics and olefins. Following separation of the aromatics and C5+ hydrocarbons from the intermediate product, unconverted C2-C3 alkanes are thermally-cracked to produce olefins that are subsequently oligomerized to produce a liquid transportation fuel blend stock or value-added chemicals.

Abstract: A process for binding sulfur to carbon to form carbon polysulfide is described that better secures sulfur to the cathode in a lithium-sulfur battery during lithium oxidation and reduction. The process includes selecting a suitable carbon precursor, blending it with sulfur and an organic solvent and mill the combination to make a fine particle size mix and then driving off the solvent along with species that have been dissolved in the solvent. The remaining carbon precursor and sulfur are heated in an inert environment at a temperature between about 300° C. and about 550° C. to chemically bind the sulfur and the carbon to form carbon polysulfide suitable for use as a cathode powder in a lithium-sulfur battery.

Abstract: A redox flow battery is described that does not include an ion-selective resin such as a proton exchange membrane but rather uses a generally stationary separator liquid that separates the anolyte from the catholyte at immiscible liquid-liquid interfaces. Solvents and electrochemically active components of the anolyte and catholyte would not cross the liquid-liquid interfaces between the separator liquid and the anolyte and catholyte, but certain ions in each of the anolyte and catholyte would cross the interface during charging and discharging of the redox flow battery. The separator liquid comprises a relatively small total volume of liquid in such a flow battery arrangement as compared to the anolyte and catholyte. Suitable chemical options are described along with system options for utilizing immiscible phases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic hydrocracker with two different catalyst beds within the reactor where each is loaded with a catalyst that has different hydrocracking properties. A first catalyst bed preferably cracks heavy oil more aggressively than the catalyst in the second bed. The catalytic hydrocracker includes further two recycle lines such that one directs unconverted oil through both hydrocracker beds and a bypass inlet is positioned between the first and second catalyst beds to admit unconverted oil to pass only through the second less aggressive hydrocracker catalyst bed. When gasoline prices favor the production of gasoline, less unconverted oil is recycled through the bypass therefore making more gasoline, but when prices favor the production of j et and diesel, more recycle is directed through the bypass recycle thus making less gasoline and more diesel and jet fuel.

Abstract: The present embodiment describes a pipeline interchange, wherein the pipeline interchange has a refined petroleum product flowing through an upstream pipeline. The pipeline interchange can also have an automated slipstream analyzer connected to the upstream pipeline comprising an inlet, a return and an analyzer. In this embodiment, the automated slipstream analyzer is used to collect a sample, analyze the sample, generate data from the sample and return the sample of the refined petroleum product flowing through the upstream pipeline. The pipeline interchange can also have an automatic splitter, downstream of the automated slipstream analyzer, capable of receiving and interpreting the data from the automated slipstream analyzer and directing the refined petroleum product into at least three different downstream pipelines, wherein at least one of the downstream pipelines is an intermix pipeline.

Abstract: A random copolymer comprising the monomer units A, B and C. In this random copolymer A comprises B comprises and C comprises an aryl group. Additionally, R1 R2, R3 and R4 are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, ester, ketone and aryl groups. X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, ester, ketone, amide and aryl groups.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally processes and systems for converting a C2-C7 light alkanes feed to liquid transportation fuels or value-added chemicals. The feed is contacted with an aromatization catalyst at a temperature and pressure that selectively converts C4 and larger alkanes to an intermediate product comprising monocyclic aromatics and olefins. Following separation of the aromatics and C5+ hydrocarbons from the intermediate product, unconverted C2-C3 alkanes are thermally-cracked to produce olefins that are subsequently oligomerized to produce a liquid transportation fuel blend stock or value-added chemicals.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally processes and systems for converting a C2-C7 light alkanes feed to liquid transportation fuels or value-added chemicals. The feed is contacted with an aromatization catalyst at a temperature and pressure that selectively converts C4 and larger alkanes to an intermediate product comprising monocyclic aromatics and olefins. Following separation of the aromatics and C5+ hydrocarbons from the intermediate product, unconverted C2-C3 alkanes are thermally-cracked to produce olefins that are subsequently oligomerized to produce a liquid transportation fuel blend stock or value-added chemicals.

Abstract: A method of forming a thermoresponsive polymer. The method begins by mixing in the presence of an organic solvent to form a monomer solution. An initiator is then added to the monomer solution to form a thermoresponsive polymer. In this method, R1 and R4 can be independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl groups; R2 and R3 can be independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, olefinic, aromatic, heterocyclic, halogen, ammonium, nitroxides, nitrates, nitrite amides, amines, esters, ethers, carboxylic acids, acyl chlorides, alcohols, nitriles, phosphates, phosphonates, sulfates, sulfonates, sulfide, sulfite, thiol, and combinations thereof; Y can be selected from the group consisting of O, N and S; R5 and R6 can be independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, olefinic, heterocyclic, halogens, ammonium, carboxylic, amines, esters, amides and combinations thereof; and X are methylene groups from about 0 to about 20 carbons.