Abstract: A method for providing a secure firmware operating environment includes detecting the presence of a new component, for example, a peripheral device. Next, a determination is made as to whether the peripheral device includes an option read-only memory. Next, a determination is made as to whether the option read-only memory is authorized to be executed on the corresponding device. If the option read-only memory is authorized, the code contained within the option read-only memory is executed. By only allowing execution of peripheral devices or components including authorized option read-only memories, security related breaches are substantially reduced or eliminated; thereby, enhancing device integrity.

Abstract: The invention relates to the development of a Profinet IO compatible subscriber device having a selector switch such that the station identifier is obtained directly from the respective setting of the selector switch in combination with a firmly prescribed group identifier which is specific to a respective particular group of subscriber devices.

Abstract: In order to increase the clamping effect in an electrical screw connector used in industrial applications to fix or hold an electrical conductor, the support and contact surfaces for the electrical conductor are textured. According to the invention, the texturing of the support and contact surfaces for the electrical conductor is carried out by various production methods using embossing or stamping tools.

Abstract: The system according to the present invention for data transfer between microcomputer devices contains a standard protocol controller, a generally known ethernet controller, for example, as a coupling device instead of the known multipart RAM. Instead of a parallel data connection, the microcomputer devices are coupled to one another via a standardized, serial data connection, for example, ethernet. Using functions of ethernet switches already known, a number of microcomputer devices in the system may be increased.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining the bandwidths of optical fibers, wherein the method provides the coupling of light with a first optical power and a first modulation frequency into an optical fiber, as well as measuring a first signal level as a function of the optical power of the light of the first modulation frequency, coupling light with the second optical power and a second modulation frequency into the optical fiber, measuring a second signal level as a function of the optical power of the light of the second modulation frequency, and determining the bandwidths of the optical fibers as a function of the first and second coupled optical [power and/or] the measured first and second signal levels while using a predetermined specification that describes the frequency-dependent attenuation response of the optical fiber, wherein the first and the second modulation frequencies have essentially the same value.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed for the coupling of a safety-critical process from a safe environment to an environment that is not safe or to an environment that is safe but has fewer processing channels. To this end, provision is made of a method which processes a data record that is relevant to the safety-critical process to form a respective safe protocol using at least two redundant processing channels in accordance with identical laws, and forms a common safe protocol taking into account at least two redundant safe coupling protocols. When writing at least elements of the common safety-based protocol using a processing channel with write authorization, another processing channel is used to check whether these elements are identical to one another. Access to a common buffer register for the purpose of storing these elements is enabled only when they are identical to one another.

Abstract: An electrical connector assembly for forming insulation displacement connections with conductors in small wires includes a wire carrier and a base. Pierce points on the base are slid along opposed walls in a slot in the carrier to align small tips on the ends of the pierce points to form electrical connections with a conductor in a wire in the carrier. The connections are located inwardly of the slot walls.

Abstract: A two-step gasification process and apparatus for the conversion of solid or liquid organic waste into clean fuel, suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner, is described. The waste is fed initially into a primary gasifier, which is a graphite arc furnace. Within the primary gasifier, the organic components of the waste are mixed with a predetermined amount of air, oxygen or steam, and converted into volatiles and soot. The volatiles consist mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and may include a variety of other hydrocarbons and some fly ash. The gas exiting the primary gasifier first passes through a hot cyclone, where some of the soot and most of the fly ash is collected and returned to the primary gasifier.

Abstract: A modular system for transmitting power and data between a control processor that receives and transmits signals along a trunk of a distributed control network, and one or more field devices located in a hazardous area includes a backplane bus and a trunk module connected to the backplane and interconnecting the trunk and backplane. Intrinsically safe spur modules are removably attached to the backplane.

Abstract: A mounting plate includes a first fixing device for an electrical device and a second fixing device for a top-hat shaped mounting rail having a first offset support flange and a second offset support flange. The second fixing device includes a first holder and a second holder each having a contact portion and each being disposed mirror-symmetrically about a longitudinal axis of the mounting plate on a rear surface of the mounting plate. The second fixing device further includes an abutment opposite the first and second holders, and a metal projection configured to clamp at least one of the first and second offset support flanges against the contact portions of the first and second holders. The projection is configured to deform upon clamping of the at least one of the offset support flanges.

Abstract: An electrical plug connector includes an insulating body supporting electrical contact elements having a connector portion and a conductor connection portion. At least one retaining element is configured to contact a respective at least one contact insert and has at least one flange with at least one punched hole configured to fasten the electrical plug connector to at least one of a housing and a control cabinet. A tension sleeve has a terminal screw configured to connect a ground conductor with the electrically conductive metal element. A U-shaped frame is configured to receive and guide the tension sleeve. A conductor bar is disposed on the electrically conductive metal element angularly offset from the U-shaped frame and is configured to engage the tension sleeve.

Abstract: A connector includes an inner structure divided into first, second, and third components. The first component includes plug contacts disposed so as to form a circular plug face configured for connection to a mating connector. The second component includes a connection block having connection contacts configured for connection of a data line connection. The third component includes a printed circuit board configured to provide an adaptable connecting element between the connection block and the plug contacts. The printed circuit board includes a plurality of layers in a sandwich configuration, the plurality of layers including layers having conductive trace alternating with layers having a dielectric. A first layer having a dielectric is disposed between two layers having conductive trace so as to form a first parallel plate capacitor. A second layer having a dielectric is disposed between two layers having trace so as to form a second parallel plate capacitor.

Abstract: A connection and junction box for a photovoltaic solar module having flexible flat conductor band protruding from the surface of the solar module, wherein the connection and junction box has an insertion mouth at its side facing the solar module in mounted state, for at least one flexible flat conductor band of the solar module, and comprises a housing for attaching on the solar module, and a connection device for the flexible flat conductor band, positioned in the housing, the connection device has an electrical contact clamp, which is closed when putting the box on the solar module, and thereby catches and contacts the flat conductor band.

Abstract: Cell permeable bioactive peptide conjugates having a first bioactive peptide region coupled to a second transport peptide region allowing transfer of the first bioactive peptide region and the second transport peptide region across biological membranes to enter intact living cells for regulation of biological responses.

Abstract: A method and system for executing 32-bit flat address programs during a System Management Interrupt. The system provides a 16-bit SMI routine that is given control when an SMI occurs. That routine initially saves the state of the processor and then executes an instruction to switch to protected mode. When in protected mode, the routine transfers control to 32-bit code. The 32-bit code uses a global descriptor table that is different from that used by the interrupted operating system. When the 32-bit code completes, it restores the saved processor state and returns from the interrupt by executing an RSM instruction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a circuit board arrangement and to an electric connection module having a carrier module and at least one electric contact, and to an attachment module, wherein the invention provides that the attachment module is used for the protection against the touch of the at least one electric contact, and is made of an elastic plastic, and wherein further the carrier module is provided for accomodating the at least one electric contact. For this purpose the carrier module is made of another temperature-resistant plastic in order to be suitable for a soldering process at high temperatures. During the soldering process, at least one electric contact can be soldered to a circuit board.

Abstract: A light emitting device 10A comprises: a bowl-shaped reflector 12 having a focal point F; and illuminators 14 have LED elements 28 being square in planar view and lenses 30 forming virtual images I of the LED elements 28 behind the LED element 28; wherein a position of each of the virtual images I from the lens 30 is farther than a position of the focal point F from the lens 30; when a distance A between the virtual image I and the focal point F and a length of outer circumference B of the LED element 28 being square in planar view are assumed, a value of A divide B (A/B) is not less than 0.08 and not more than 0.42.

Abstract: A refrigerated case shelf has a main panel comprising a top wall and left and right sidewalls, respectively depending from left and right edges of the top wall and cooperating with the top wall to define left and right channels. At least one transverse brace is secured to the main panel. A left bracket has an insertion portion within the left channel and a right bracket has an insertion portion within the left channel.