Abstract: The thioester of N-acetylcysteine with salicylic acid and the pharmacologically acceptable and non-toxic organic and inorganic salts thereof, exhibit anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity as well as mucolytic activity. The compounds are prepared by the reaction of N-acetylcysteine with either the acid chloride of acetylsalicylic acid or with the mixed anhydride formed from acetylsalicylic acid and ethyl chloroformate, the reaction taking place in an aqueous medium and at low temperature.