Abstract: An image qualification method. A movements-determining method utilizes the image qualification, the image qualification method of which requires only an image frame to determine if the image frame is qualified. Thus, the image qualification proceeds in real time. The image qualification counts peaks of images of the frame to determine if a number of the peaks exceed a certain number, depending on application.

Abstract: An optical apparatus. The optical apparatus is applied to an object surface, comprising a frame, a light emitting device and an optical sensor. The frame is disposed in the optical apparatus, having a first compartment and a second compartment, wherein the first compartment has a first opening and the second compartment has a second opening. The light emitting device is disposed in the first compartment, wherein light emitted from the light emitting device passes through the first opening and is reflected by the object surface outside the frame. The optical sensor is disposed in the second compartment to receive light reflected from the object surface passing through the second opening.

Abstract: A driving circuit for transmission lines. The driving circuit transforms outgoing signals of an internal circuit to signals large enough to be sent to an external circuit by the transmission lines, especially for RS-232 transmission lines. It comprises three transistors, six resistors, three capacitors and one diode. The expensive signal driver chip needed in the conventional circuit is not necessary in the present invention. The expensive chip is replaced by cheap discrete components. This reduces the cost of the driving circuit.