Abstract: A system detects electrons according to their emission direction in a scanning electron microscope. The system includes a scintillator electron detector and a set of electrodes focusing and controlling the electron flow. At least in two sectors of the electron flow from the sample stage (7) to the scintillator (3), sector flow control electrodes (9) are placed and supplied alternatively with electric pulses. The sector flow control electrodes (9) may be made of a metal grid or in a shape of conducting plates or deposited on the surface of a microporous plate in the form of a thin conductive layer.

Abstract: A system for detecting secondary and backscattered electrons in a scanning electron microscope includes a microporous plate (9) that is disposed between a lower scintillator (5) and an upper scintillator (12). The lower scintillator (5) faces toward a specimen stage (11). A movable diaphragm (14) having an aperture (15) is located between the front end of a photomultiplier (7) and the respective ends of an upper light guide (13) and lower light guide (6). Inside an intermediate chamber (3), at least one focusing electrode (8) is placed, with its hole positioned coaxially with the hole in the microporous plate (9). The focusing electrode (8) is located on the surface of the lower scintillator (5).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the compounds having the following general formula (1) ##STR1## where: X is a halogen atomQ is a formyl or nitrile (cyano) groupY is a hydroxyl, alkoxyl, alkyl or nitro group"m" is the number of Y substituents 0 or 1"n" equals 1-20U and T are methyl radicals or hydrogen atoms acting strongly towards pathogenic fungi, especially of the Alternaria and Botrytis genera.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is the method of preparation of multicomponent fertilizers based upon the decomposition process of mineral phosphate material by ammonium sulphate and sulphuric acid. This method has application in chemical industry.The invention concerns the method of preparation of multicomponent fertilizers relying upon the decomposition of mineral phosphate material by sulphuric acid and ammonium sulphate. The basis of the method relies upon the mineral phosphate material undergoing wet milling with the acid and sulfate and as a result of which mechanically-induced chemical processes occur the decomposition of the apatite structure of material takes place. The milled mixture is introduced into reactors-crystallizers, where further decomposition of the phosphate material and phosphate gypsum crystallization takes place.

Abstract: A method according to this invention is used for washing waste phosphogypsum produced at decomposition of a mineral phosphoric raw material with sulphuric acid, wherein the said washing is carried on in countercurrent on a multi-zone filter; to the last zone of this filter there is supplied water while filter washings with highest concentration of the component being washed-off are returned to the decomposition stage. The essence of this method consists in that to the washing liquids there is introduced sulphuric acid solution of a concentration of sulphuric acid ranging within the limits from 20 up to 98 percent by weight of sulphuric acid in the amount of 1 to 30 percent of sulphuric acid amount used for decomposition of a phosphoric raw material.

Abstract: The transducer is formed of at least two metallic blocks (3) with at least one layer 3 of piezo-electric material sandwiched between these metallic blocks, the faces of the layer or layers being metal sprayed to conduct the voltage. One metallic block has at least one projecting element reaching to the opposite metallic block and being connected with the opposite block by means of a binder. Stresses are generated between the layers of piezo-electric material and the metallic blocks originate in the piezo-ceramic material. The faces of contact between the metallic blocks can be either slanted or perpendicular relative to the layers of piezo-electric material. The projecting elements can be made either as dowels or as collars. Oscillations in the transducer are excited by a voltage applied to the transducer terminals.