Abstract: This disclosure relates to a multi-PID controller system where a variable such as the temperature of a fluid in a reservoir is stabilized using two or more PID controllers to optimize the control of an actuator, such as a flow control valve of a refrigeration system, to control a flow rate. The system also allows for the optimization of the PID control of a fan speed based on the optimized regulation of the control valve and a comparison with other input variables. The setpoint temperature is further stabilized by setting up in proximity of the desired setpoint a deadband analysis to prevent overlap of the PID-driven heat regulation and the multi-PID-driven cold regulation.

Abstract: An improved process for recovering Indicine-N-oxide from plant sources which involves water extracting the plant material, preferably by water buffered at pH 7, followed by adsorbing the Indicine-N-oxide from the extract, after which the Indicine-N-oxide is eluted from the adsorbent in alcoholic solution, then concentrated and purified as heretofore.Desirably, the adsorbed Indicine-N-oxide is water washed prior to elution so as to remove any water soluble impurities that had been adsorbed from the extract.A preferred adsorbent is a cross linked polystyrene.

Abstract: A quantitative evaluation of the intestinal microflora is made by administering to an animal organism an effective amount of novel chemical conjugates of a bile acid or related acid with an amino acid which will be cleaved from the bile or related acid by the enzymes elaborated by the intestinal microflora and then measuring the amount of the released amino acid in the urine after a predetermined time interval. The novel compounds and their use in in vitro tests are included in the invention.