Abstract: The present invention relates to a watermark formation element for forming watermarks in paper, a cylinder mould cover comprising such a watermark formation element, a method of making such a cylinder mould cover, a method of making paper using such a cylinder mould cover and paper made thereby. The watermark formation element has an integrated body comprising a watermark forming surface, which has one or more watermark forming regions, and a drainage surface. A plurality of drainage channels extend from front surface apertures in the watermark forming surface to the drainage surface. At least some of the front surface apertures are shaped to define at least one of an alphanumeric, a symbol or a pictorial image. A filter layer located between the watermark forming surface and the drainage surface having filter layer apertures which have a maximum width which is less than a smallest width of the front surface apertures.