Abstract: A method of producing ozone comprises the steps of generating intermittent bursts of corona discharge in an electrode region 20.2, and passing oxygen-containing fluid through the region, thereby to cause ionization of the oxygen. The electrode is energized by a train of voltage pulses. Each pulse has a rise time of better than 2 kV/100 ns.

Abstract: A circuit for driving a MOSFET (12) includes a capacitor (14) and a switch (16) connected to a gate (20) of the MOSFET. The circuit applies a charge pulse to the gate of the MOSFET so as to switch the MOSFET between one of an on state and an off state and the other of the one state and the off state. The duration of the pulse is such that the pulse is substantially complete prior to switching of the MOSFET. The pulse causes a voltage on the gate for a short period to be raised above a maximum gate-to-source rating of the MOSFET, thereby to improve the switching speed of the MOSFET.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical agent for the prevention or treatment of any of the following conditions in mammals: atherosclerosis, thrombosis, unwanted high levels of free radicals, unwanted long fibrin clot lysis times, unwanted fibrin clot characteristics, unwanted high levels of free fatty acids and obesity, is provided. The agent comprises a short chain fatty acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, derivative or precursor thereof, in a pharmaceutically acceptable protective coating which is resistant to digestion and solution in the stomach and small intestine of a mammal, but digestible or soluble in the colon of a mammal. Preferably the agent comprises calcium acetate in a shellac coating.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the preliminary detection of abnormal levels of metabolites in the urine of a human or mammal. The method includes the steps of determining the amount of creatinine in the urine of the human or animal, measuring the total metabolites content in the urine, using the amount of creatinine in the urine as an internal standard to compensate for variations in the urine concentration, and comparing the total metabolites content in the urine with a reference value which corresponds to the expected total metabolites content in the urine of a person or animal who does not suffer from a metabolic disorder. The apparatus (10) includes an ultraviolet oxidation unit (16) for oxidising total metabolites in a urine sample to carbon dioxide, an organic carbon stripper (18) for stripping carbon dioxide gas from the oxidised sample, and a carbon dioxide detector (69) for measuring the amount of carbon dioxide produced from the sample.