Abstract: A method of coating a filter medium in a flowing gaseous stream, the method comprising: directing a gas stream along a feed path; combining with said gas stream a multiplicity of finished glass dust particles; positioning a fibrous filter medium along said feed path downstream of the point at which the glass dust particles are combined with said stream, the glass dust particles forming a coating on said filter medium to assist in the capture thereon of hazardous waste material in said stream, when said stream contains such material; maintaining the temperature of the gas stream below the softening point of the glass particles; and intermittently removing the particulate coating material and any such hazardous waste material from the filter medium and collecting the same; and a system for accomplishing the same.

Abstract: A reflective marker for highway striping, signs and other surfaces is produced from a multiplicity of thermoplastic or thermosetting granules in the shape of tetrahedrons. A plurality of glass spheres having a diameter in the range of from about 6.0 microns to about 0.125 inches are substantially evenly dispersed throughout each granule with some of the spheres protruding through the outer granule surfaces. To form the granules the glass spheres, the granule material and a suitable pigment are mixed together and then applied to a flexible sheet or a roller containing a multiplicity of tetrahedron-shaped indentations. The mixture is urged into each of the indentations and is then cured. The resulting granules are removed from the indentations and are dropped from a random position onto a freshly painted highway line or other surface such that one of the flat faces on each granule is disposed in a downward direction.

Abstract: Hollow glass spheres having average densities of approximately 0.10 grams/cc to approximately 2.0 grams/cc are prepared by heating solid glass particles. The glass spheres consist essentially of the following ingredients in the following amounts state as weight percentages: SiO.sub.2 (50 to 57%); R.sub.2 O(2 to 15%); B.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0 to 20%); S(0.05 to 1.5%); RO(2 to 25%); RO.sub.2 (other than SiO.sub.2) (0 to 5%); R.sub.2 O.sub.3 (other than B.sub.2 O.sub.3) (0 to 10%); R.sub.2 O.sub.5 (0 to 5%); and F(0 to 5%). R represents a metal or an element like phosphorous which combines with oxygen in glass. The sizes of the hollow glass spheres are selected to produce a maximum average strength for a desired average density.

Abstract: A nickel particle plating system in which a multiplicity of minute nickel spheres are provided with a heavy copper coating and then a comparatively thin silver coating. The copper coating is at least about 20 percent by weight of the shpere, and the silver coating has a maximum thickness of about 15 percent of the sphere diameter. The coated spheres are deposited in a nonconductive matrix to form an electroconductive body in which the spheres may be placed along conductive paths.

Abstract: A process for making a body suitable for use as an additive for incorporation in a plastic, which comprises the steps of forming a blend of glass-forming materials, converting the blend of glass-forming materials into a solidified porous form, and heating such solidified porous blended glass-forming materials to form an exterior glassy shell thereon; as well as a lightweight body made by such process, and an article of manufacture incorporating such body.

Abstract: Retroreflective materials are made by coating glass particles with both hydrophobic polymers and coupling agents or with siloxane compounds which have both hydrophobic side chains and coupling-type side chains capable of chemically bonding to, or of forming loose associations with, a wide variety of materials.

Abstract: An apparatus for spheridizing irregularly shaped minute particles, and the spheres produced thereby, in which a thin carbonaceous coating is applied to the particles in a unique manner, and in a preferred embodiment the particles are then advanced through successive fluidizing beds. The first bed has an inert atmosphere and is maintained at an elevated temperature sufficiently high to allow surface tension to shape the particles into spherical form while in a fluidized condition in the first bed. The spherical particles are then advanced through successive additional beds where they are cooled to an intermediate temperature sufficient to solidify the particles, are subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere which completely removes the coating, and are then further cooled while being maintained in a fluidized condition. The inert gaseous atmosphere within the first bed is continuously withdrawn and recycled through the system.

Abstract: A retroreflectivity measuring system measures performance data relating to a reflective surface, such as a highway stripe or marking containing reflective glass beads. A laser beam illuminates a portion of the reflective surface with radiation of a predetermined wavelength, the laser being incident on the surface at an incidence angle i. The incident laser beam is then reflected back, at least partially, at a particular observation angle o that is separated from the incidence angle by a divergence angle .delta.. A telephotomultiplier aimed at the illuminated area receives the reflected laser beam at the observation angle o. A preferred telephotomultiplier includes a telescope, a narrow pass optical filter for passing basically only the wavelength of the laser beam, and a sensitive photoelectric device, such as a multiplier phototube. The laser and the telephotomultiplier may be mounted on a servo-motor driven frame in order to scan the target area from a moving vehicle.

Abstract: Organosilicon quaternary ammonias and other microbicidal compounds are bound to the surface of discrete inorganic particles such as glass spheres. Inorganic particles coated with the microbicidal compounds are used in hospital fluidized beds, air filters, and other products in which microbicidal qualities are desired.

Abstract: A process for making a body suitable for use as an additive for incorporation in a plastic, which comprises the steps of forming a blend of glass-forming materials, converting the blend of glass-forming materials into a solidified porous form, and heating such solidified porous blended glass-forming materials to form an exterior glassy shell thereon; as well as lightweight body made by such process, and an article of manufacture incorporating such body.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for spheridizing irregularly shaped minute particles, and the spheres produced thereby, in which a thin carbonaceous coating is applied to the particles in a unique manner, and in a preferred embodiment the particles are then advanced through successive fluidizing beds. The first bed has an inert atmosphere and is maintained at an elevated temperature sufficiently high to allow surface tension to shape the particles into spherical form while in a fluidized condition in the first bed. The spherical particles are then advanced through successive additional beds where they are cooled to an intermediate temperature sufficient to solidify the particles, are subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere which completely removes the coating, and are then further cooled while being maintained in a fluidized condition. The inert gaseous atmosphere within the first bed is continuously withdrawn and recycled through the system.

Abstract: A method of analyzing molecular layers of amino-functional group coupling agents on inorganic substrates is disclosed. A saturated solution of 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride is added to a sample to be tested, and sufficient time is allowed, with or without heating, for the reaction of the 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride with any amino functional group coupling agent which might be present. The color intensity of the reaction product is compared under ultraviolet light in an otherwise substantially dark room with the color intensity of standards representative of known thicknesses of coupling agent to determine the existence and thickness of the coupling agent on the particles being analyzed.

Abstract: Retroreflective materials are made by coating glass particles with both hydrophobic polymers and coupling agents or with siloxane compounds which have both hydrophobic side chains and coupling-type side chains capable of chemically bonding to, or of forming loose associations with, a wide variety of materials.

Abstract: A conductive paste and an electroconductive body fabricated from the paste, in which the paste comprises inorganic non-metallic particles coated with silver, silver particles and an organic binder, or inorganic non-metallic particles coated with silver, silver particles, particles of glassy material and an organic vehicle. An electroconductive body comprises silver particles, and inorganic non-metallic particles coated with silver, both embedded in a matrix of organic material or of glassy material. The silver particles and silver-coated inorganic non-metallic particles are in effective contacting relationship within the matrix. Also disclosed are a silver-coated glass bead, for incorporation in paste and an electroconductive body, and methods for fabricating an electroconductive body. The electroconductive bodies are useful, for example, as termination elements for capacitors, and as internal conductive elements in capacitors of the type used in thick-film technology applications.

Abstract: A conductive paste and an electroconductive body fabricated from the paste, in which the paste comprises inorganic non-metallic particles coated with silver, silver particles and an organic binder, or inorganic non-metallic particles coated with silver, silver particles, particles of glassy material and an organic vehicle. An electroconductive body comprises silver particles, and inorganic non-metallic particles coated with silver, both embedded in a matrix of organic material or of glassy material. The silver particles and silver-coated inorganic non-metallic particles are in effective contacting relationship within the matrix. Also disclosed are a silver-coated glass bead, for incorporation in paste and an electroconductive body, and methods for fabricating an electroconductive body. The electroconductive bodies are useful, for example, as termination elements for capacitors, and as internal conductive elements in capacitors of the type used in thick-film technology applications.

Abstract: A method of reducing fuel and oil consumption in an internal combustion engine in which the cylinder walls of the engine are peened with glass spheres having a diameter within the range of form about 0.002 inches to about 0.004 inches. The glass spheres form a multiplicity of local depressions and surface compression at the points of impact and are directed against the cylinder walls for a period of time sufficient to form the depressions over the entire surface area without leaving flat portions of the surface between the depressions. In some embodiments the cylinder walls are coated with a lubricating agent such as graphite prior to being peened. After the peening step the walls are lightly honed to produce substantially flat supporting areas between the individual depressions.

Abstract: A system for producing glass spheres in which the combustion air introduced into the furnace is preheated. The furnace has a shroud enclosing at least a portion of its outer surface, and ambient air is introduced to the space between the outer surface and the shroud by means of a fan generating a slight positive pressure. Preheated air is removed from the shroud by a plurality of ducts leading to the source of heat.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating ferrous particles from crushed siliceous slag and for providing successive size gradations of the siliceous material. Particles of the raw slag are introduced into a rotary receptacle including an upstanding side wall which defines a series of apertures having radially disposed axes. As the receptacle rotates, the particles are centrifugally projected into a magnetic field to separate the ferrous particles from the silica and to withdraw the ferrous particles onto a nonmagnetic belt-type carrier. The siliceous particles are projected by the receptacle over different distances proportional to their masses and are collected in successive cylindrical receiving bins concentric with the receptacle's axis of rotation. In some embodiments the separating operation takes place within an enclosure which is maintained at subatmospheric pressure.