Abstract: A self-limiting electrochemical cell such as a lithium-sulfur dioxide cell having a non-porous, non-ion-permeable separator between the anode and cathode so as to control the passage of electrolyte and ion-transfer between the working electrodes thereby controlling the current drain based on the controlled amount of electrolyte. The invention provides a convenient method of controlling the drain rates of an electrochemical cell and permits utilization of conventional cells such as the lithium-sulfur dioxide, lithium-thionyl chloride, or lithium-sulfuryl chloride cells in applications not previously possible.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a venting device for a sealed container, and more particularly to a safety venting device for a Lithium cell. The venting device is located on one of the two ends of a sealed container. The vent is comprised of a circular member which is recessed in the container end whereby it is concave with respect to the exterior of the container. Extending between the circular member and the container end are scored lines of weakness. As pressure increases in the container, the circular member deflects so as to develop stresses which become concentrated on the scored lines causing them to rupture at a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: A lithium anode comprising in contact therewith a copper strip extending the substantial length of said anode for utilization in a lithium-sulfur dioxide cell. The copper strip provides a convenient means for fabrication of a lithium-sulfur dioxide coulombically balanced cell as herein defined, and prevents detrimental effects such as bulging, venting, or explosion of the cell when the cell is subjected to forced discharge.

Abstract: A circuit for detecting the discharge level of a long life battery, such as a lithium battery, in which the battery is periodically subjected to an increased load for short durations of time. The periodic increases in load allows the end of battery life to be predicted and detected prior to the time the battery is fully depleted. Forecasting the end of battery life ensures that the battery will have sufficient energy to reliably operate the discharge level detection circuitry before the battery is fully depleted.

Abstract: A sealed electrical energy storage container is provided which is cylindrical in shape and has upstanding sidewalls of generally uniform thickness. The upstanding sidewalls of the container include at least one area of reduced sidewall thickness and the reduced sidewall thickness area is designed to rupture in response to predetermined circumferential stresses occurring within the cylindrical container. The circumferential stresses occurring within the cylindrical container can be concisely calculated, allowing the thickness of the reduced thickness area to also be calculated, such that container venting will occur in response to a concise and predetermined internal pressure within the container.