Abstract: Methods and control apparatus for operating a three-phase electric motor are described, in which the motor windings are switched between Star and Delta connections depending on torque requirements, and in which the motor windings are switched to a braking mode when braking torque is required. The electromagnetic torque of the motor is monitored, and a command to switch from Star to Delta is given when the electromagnetic torque rises to reach or exceed a threshold. A command to switch from Delta to Star is given when the electromagnetic torque falls to reach a second threshold. The invention discloses a method of determining instantaneous values for the electromagnetic torque of the motor based on measurements of phase current and phase voltage at particular instants in the voltage cycle.