Abstract: An interface detection apparatus detects a position of a hidden interface between first and second materials, the first material having a different physical property from the second material. The apparatus encompasses (a) an irradiation mechanism configured to irradiate an electromagnetic wave onto a sample implemented by the first and second materials, (b) a detection mechanism configured to detect the electromagnetic wave that has passed through the sample, and (c) a traveling mechanism configured to change the relative position of the hidden interface with respect to the position of the detection mechanism.

Abstract: To provide a biochip, a biochip manufacturing method, an electrophoresis method, and an electrophoresis apparatus, by which the detection accuracy may improve, there is a biochip introducing a sample in band form into a sample separation passage, by a means for reducing the band width of sample, at which the sample is before being introduced in the sample separation passage in band form. The band of sample supplied to the sample separation passage is compressed, and the expansion by diffusion may be prevented, thus the detection accuracy may improve.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of recovering chlorine gas from calcium chloride comprising the steps of introducing calcium chloride into a heat-resistant vessel which is provided with a gas inlet pipe and a gas outlet pipe, heating the calcium chloride up to at least the melting point thereof while introducing an inert gas from the gas inlet pipe into the vessel to produce fused salt of calcium chloride, and heating the interior of the vessel up to at least 1073K and switching a gas to be introduced from the gas inlet pipe from the inert gas to oxygen to allow the fused salt of calcium chloride to react with the oxygen to obtain chlorine gas and calcium oxide, the chlorine gas being subsequently rapidly and continuously discharged from the vessel through the gas outlet pipe.

Abstract: It is ideal to amplify voltage within a pixel to obtain sufficient sensitivity and low noise characteristics in a short storing time in order to acquire high-speed images, but no method has existed to satisfy the three requirements of the electronic shutter operation, removal of reset noise and signal voltage amplification. To solve this problem, the present invention takes the ratio of the capacitor C1 at point V1 and capacitor C2 at point V2 to be large, and transfers charges from V1 to V2, thereby enabling the signal voltage to be amplified. Moreover, the reset noise component sampled and included in VFD0 before opening TX is the same amount as the reset noise included in the voltage after TX is opened and the ?VFD of change occurred, so the reset noise is removed by taking out the amount of change ?VFD and amplifying the signal voltage. By returning R to 3V, the charge injection from the section V1 does not occur, thereby the voltage of V2 is held as is, and enters into storage status.

Abstract: An interface detection apparatus detects a position of a hidden interface between first and second materials, the first material having a different physical property from the second material. The apparatus encompasses (a) an irradiation mechanism configured to irradiate an electromagnetic wave onto a sample implemented by the first and second materials, (b) a detection mechanism configured to detect the electromagnetic wave that has passed through the sample, and (c) a traveling mechanism configured to change the relative position of the hidden interface with respect to the position of the detection mechanism.

Abstract: It is ideal to amplify voltage within a pixel to obtain sufficient sensitivity and low noise characteristics in a short storing time in order to acquire high-speed images, but no method has existed to satisfy the three requirements of the electronic shutter operation, removal of reset noise and signal voltage amplification. To solve this problem, the present invention takes the ratio of the capacitor C1 at point V1 and capacitor C2 at point V2 to be large, and transfers charges from V1 to V2, thereby enabling the signal voltage to be amplified. Moreover, the reset noise component sampled and included in VFD0 before opening TA is the same amount as the reset noise included in the voltage after TX is opened and the ?VFD of change occurred, so the reset noise is removed by taking out the amount of change ?VFD and amplifying the signal voltage. By returning R to 3V, the charge injection from the section V1 does not occur, thereby the voltage of V2 is held as is, and enters into storage status.

Abstract: To provide a biochip, a biochip manufacturing method, an electrophoresis method, and an electrophoresis apparatus, by which the detection accuracy may improve, there is a biochip introducing a sample in band form into a sample separation passage, by a means for reducing the band width of sample, at which the sample is before being introduced in the sample separation passage in band form. The band of sample supplied to the sample separation passage is compressed, and the expansion by diffusion may be prevented, thus the detection accuracy may improve.

Abstract: Provided is a thin copper film directly bonded polyimide film in which a thin copper film is directly and strongly connected to a polyimide film. This thin copper film directly bonded polyimide film includes a polyimide film modified by bonding an organic silane compound having a cyano group represented by formula —Si(R—CN)n (wherein R represents alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and n represents a positive number from 1 to 3) to a carbon atom on the surface of the polyimide film, and a thin copper film directly bonded to the modified surface of the polyimide film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of using a silica-supported 12-molybdosilicic acid catalyst consisting of 12-moloybdosilicic acid supported on silica, in which 12-molybdosilicic acid is supported in an amount not smaller than 10 mass % on silica, wherein the reaction system is heated in the presence of the silica-supported 12-molybdosilicic acid catalyst to the operating temperature of the catalyst at a rate not lower than 100° C./min.

Abstract: The present invention provides a silica-supported 12-molybdosilicic acid catalyst comprising a silica carrier and at least 10% by weight, based on the silica amount, of 12-molybdosilicic acid supported on the carrier and a method of producing formaldehyde directly from a mixed gas of methane and oxygen in the presence of the particular catalyst. Formaldehyde can be produced at a high yield in the present invention without requiring a reforming process of methane with water vapor that consumes a large amount of energy. In addition, attentions are also paid to the air pollution and water contamination problems in the present invention.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyether carbonate surface active material having hydrocarbon residue at terminal thereof in an efficient manner, wherein an active hydrogen-containing compound which has a hydrocarbon residue containing 4 or more of carbon atoms and a five-membered ring carbonic acid ester are telomerized in the presence of an ate-complex of a metal of Group II,III or IV of the periodic table having at least two alkoxy groups.

Abstract: There is inserted between a light source and an input of an optical fiber a mode filter which changes the phase of light to be propagated continuously or discontinuously so as to convert guided modes of lower azimuthal number into those of higher numbers in a light transmitting system which employs a graded index optical fiber with a valley at the core-cladding boundary. This reduces the mode-delay differences for all modes including those which are close to cut off so that an optical communication system having a very wide bandwidth is obtained.