Patents Assigned to Princeton University
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Publication number: 20070069243Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and a method of fabricating the apparatus. The apparatus comprises a substrate having a planar surface and first and second electrodes located on the planar surface. The first electrode has a top surface and a lateral surface, and the lateral surface has an edge near or in contact with the substrate. An electrode insulating layer is located on the top surface and a self-assembled layer located on the lateral surface. The second electrode is in contact with both the self-assembled layer and the electrode insulating layer.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 16, 2006Publication date: March 29, 2007Applicants: Lucent Technologies Inc., Princeton UniversityInventors: Zhenan Bao, Jie Zheng, James Sturm, Troy Graves-Abe
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Patent number: 7196835Abstract: A structure is provided that includes an aperiodic dielectric stack. The structure may include a substrate, a device disposed over the substrate, and a first dielectric stack disposed between the substrate and the device. The first dielectric stack includes a plurality of layers comprising a first dielectric material, wherein at least two of the layers comprising a first dielectric material have substantially different thicknesses, as well as a plurality of layers comprising a second dielectric material. The average outcoupling efficiency into air of the device over a bandwidth of at least 300 nm may be at least 40% greater than that of an otherwise identical device disposed in a structure without the first dielectric stack.Type: GrantFiled: June 1, 2004Date of Patent: March 27, 2007Assignee: The Trustees of Princeton UniversityInventors: Peter Peumans, Stephen Forrest
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Patent number: 7196366Abstract: A device is provided having a first electrode, a second electrode, a first photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength ?1 and a second photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength ?2. The photoactive regions are disposed between the first and second electrodes, and further positioned on the same side of a reflective layer, such that the first photoactive region is closer to the reflective layer than the second photoactive region. The materials comprising the photoactive regions may be selected such that ?1 is at least about 10% different from ?2. The device may further comprise an exciton blocking layer disposed adjacent to and in direct contact with the organic acceptor material of each photoactive region, wherein the LUMO of each exciton blocking layer other than that closest to the cathode is not more than about 0.3 eV greater than the LUMO of the acceptor material.Type: GrantFiled: August 5, 2004Date of Patent: March 27, 2007Assignee: The Trustees of Princeton UniversityInventors: Stephen Forrest, Jiangeng Xue, Soichi Uchida, Barry P. Rand
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Patent number: 7194173Abstract: A photoactive fiber is provided, as well as a method of fabricating such a fiber. The fiber has a conductive core including a first electrode. An organic layer surrounds and is electrically connected to the first electrode. A transparent second electrode surrounds and is electrically connected to the organic layer. Other layers, such as blocking layers or smoothing layers, may also be incorporated into the fiber. The fiber may be woven into a cloth.Type: GrantFiled: July 16, 2004Date of Patent: March 20, 2007Assignee: The Trustees of Princeton UniversityInventors: Max Shtein, Stephen R. Forrest
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Patent number: 7183099Abstract: The present invention relates to the discovery of the lsr operon, the genes therein, and the polypeptides encoded by these genes. The present invention also includes strains with altered expression levels of the polypeptides encoded by the genes and the lsr operon relative to wild type cells. In some embodiments, the strains express a transporter that transports an autoinducer into the cell at a level higher than that of wild type cells. The present invention also includes methods for identifying compounds that modulate the transport of the autoinducer into cells.Type: GrantFiled: October 28, 2002Date of Patent: February 27, 2007Assignee: Princeton UniversityInventors: Michiko E. Taga, Bonnie L. Bassler, Douglas T. McKenzie
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Patent number: 7179356Abstract: A process directed to preparing surfactant-polycrystalline inorganic nanostructured materials having designed microscopic patterns. The process includes forming a polycrystalline inorganic substrate having a flat surface and placing in contact with the flat surface of the substrate a surface having a predetermined microscopic pattern. An acidified aqueous reacting solution is then placed in contact with an edge of the surface having the predetermined microscopic pattern. The solution wicks into the microscopic pattern by capillary action. The reacting solution has an effective amount of a silica source and an effective amount of a surfactant to produce a mesoscopic silica film upon contact of the reacting solution with the flat surface of the polycrystalline inorganic substrate and absorption of the surfactant into the surface. Subsequently an electric field is applied tangentially directed to the surface within the microscopic pattern.Type: GrantFiled: April 11, 2003Date of Patent: February 20, 2007Assignee: The Trustees of Princeton UniversityInventors: Ilhan A. Aksay, Mathias Trau, Srinivas Manne, Itaru Honma, George Whitesides
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Patent number: 7179543Abstract: The present invention is directed to multi-layer organic devices having improved stability, wherein at least one layer of the device comprises a host material that is morphologically unstable and a dopant material that provides improved morphological properties to the layer. The layer may be incorporated into, for example, OLEDs, organic phototransistors, organic photovoltaic cells, and organic photodetectors.Type: GrantFiled: October 6, 2003Date of Patent: February 20, 2007Assignees: The Trustees of Princeton University, Universal Display CorporationInventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Brian Wendell D'Andrade, Anna Chwang
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Patent number: 7179534Abstract: A switch, used as an electronic-memory element, comprising a conductive organic polymer layer sandwiched between, and in contact with, two metallic conductive elements. In an initial post-fabrication state, the organic polymer layer is relatively highly conductive, the post-fabrication constituting a first stable state of the memory element that can serve to represent a binary bit “1 or 0,” depending which of two possible encoding conventions is employed. A relatively high voltage pulse can be passed between the two metal conductive elements, resulting in a market decrease in the current-carrying capacity of the organic polymer layer sandwiched between the two conductive elements. This change in conductivity of the organic polymer layer is generally irreversible, and constitutes a second stable state of the memory element that may be used to encode a binary bit “0” or “1,” again depending on which of two possible encoding conventions are employed.Type: GrantFiled: January 31, 2003Date of Patent: February 20, 2007Assignee: Princeton UniversityInventors: Stephen Forrest, Sven Moeller
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Patent number: 7173369Abstract: An organic light emitting device structure includes a substrate, a first electrically conductive layer formed over the substrate wherein the first electrically conductive layer has a positive polarity, and a transparent organic light emitting device formed over the first electrically conductive layer. The structure also includes a transparent electrically conductive metal layer formed over the transparent organic light emitting device wherein the metal has a work function less than 4 eV, and a second electrically conductive layer formed over the transparent electrically conductive metal layer, wherein the second electrically conductive layer has a negative polarity, and wherein the second electrically conductive layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a transparent electrically conductive oxide and a transparent electrically conductive polymer.Type: GrantFiled: June 11, 2003Date of Patent: February 6, 2007Assignee: The Trustees of Princeton UniversityInventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Mark E. Thompson, Paul E. Burrows, Vladimir Bulovic, Gong Gu
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Publication number: 20070020772Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for interfacing nanofluidic and microfluidic components suitable for use in performing high throughput macromolecular analysis. Diffraction gradient lithography (DGL) is used to form a gradient interface between a microfluidic area and a nanofluidic area. The gradient interface area reduces the local entropic barrier to nanochannels formed in the nanofluidic area. In one embodiment, the gradient interface area is formed of lateral spatial gradient structures for narrowing the cross section of a value from the micron to the nanometer length scale. In another embodiment, the gradient interface area is formed of a vertical sloped gradient structure. Additionally, the gradient structure can provide both a lateral and vertical gradient.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 28, 2006Publication date: January 25, 2007Applicant: Princeton UniversityInventors: Han Cao, Jonas Tegenfeldt, Stephen Chou, Robert Austin
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Patent number: 7151077Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for treating subterranean formations. More particularly, the present invention relates to polymersomes, viscosifying agents that comprise polymersomes, and associated methods of use. In some embodiments, the present invention discloses methods of treating a section of a subterranean formation that comprises the steps of providing a viscosified treatment fluid that comprises an aqueous-based component, and a viscosifying agent that comprises a polymersome; and treating the section of the subterranean formation. In other embodiments, the present invention discloses methods of viscosifying a treatment fluid, suspending particulates in a treatment fluid, fracturing a subterranean formation, providing sand control in a section of a subterranean formation, and encapsulating treatment fluid additives.Type: GrantFiled: March 29, 2004Date of Patent: December 19, 2006Assignees: Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., Princeton UniversityInventors: Robert K. Prud'homme, Lewis R. Norman, Douglas H. Adamson, Mustafa Erhan Yildiz, Ian D. Robb
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Patent number: 7151217Abstract: An organic photosensitive optoelectronic device optimized to enhance desired characteristics such as external quantum efficiency is described. The photosensitive optoelectronic device has at least two transparent electrodes and one or more organic photoconductive layers disposed between the transparent electrodes. In other embodiments photosensitive optoelectronic devices with multilayer photoconductive structures and photosensitive optoelectronic devices with a reflective layer are disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 2001Date of Patent: December 19, 2006Assignee: The Trustees of Princeton UniversityInventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Vladimir Bulovic
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Patent number: 7150812Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and devices for separating particles according to size. More specifically, the present invention relates to a microfluidic method and device for the separation of particles according to size using an array comprising a network of gaps, wherein the field flux from each gap divides unequally into subsequent gaps. In one embodiment, the array comprises an ordered array of obstacles in a microfluidic channel, in which the obstacle array is asymmetric with respect to the direction of an applied field.Type: GrantFiled: October 23, 2003Date of Patent: December 19, 2006Assignee: The Trustees of Princeton UniversityInventors: Lotien Richard Huang, James Christopher Sturm
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Patent number: 7145333Abstract: The present invention provides a high sensitivity atomic magnetometer and methods of measuring low intensity magnetic fields that relate to the use of an alkali metal vapor and a buffer gas; increasing the magnetic polarization of the alkali metal vapor thereby increasing the sensitivity of the alkali metal vapor to a low intensity magnetic field; probing the magnetic polarization of the alkali metal vapor, the probing means providing an output from the alkali metal vapor, the output including characteristics related to the low intensity magnetic field; and measuring means that receives the output, determines the characteristics of the low intensity magnetic field, and provides a representation of the low intensity magnetic field. In addition, the invention relates to a magnetometer and methods that provide a representation of a first magnetic field originating within a sample volume. The sample volume may be part or all of a subject, such as a human subject.Type: GrantFiled: May 23, 2005Date of Patent: December 5, 2006Assignees: The Trustees of Princeton University, University of WashingtonInventors: Michael Romalis, Tom Kornack, Joel Allred, Rob Lyman
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Publication number: 20060269483Abstract: Methods for high resolution tissue imaging in which a tissue to be imaged is labeled with UCP's coupled to probes that bind specifically to biological markers on the tissue; the UCP's are then excited with electrons so that the UCP's emit cathodoluminescent photons; after which the photon emission is converted to a visible image. Methods for measuring water content, blood content or blood oxygenation in tumor tissue are also disclosed.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 27, 2006Publication date: November 30, 2006Applicant: The Trustees of Princeton UniversityInventors: Robert Austin, Shuang Lim, Robert Riehm
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Patent number: 7119356Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and a method of fabricating the apparatus. The apparatus comprises a substrate having a planar surface and first and second electrodes located on the planar surface. The first electrode has a top surface and a lateral surface, and the lateral surface has an edge near or in contact with the substrate. An electrode insulating layer is located on the top surface and a self-assembled layer located on the lateral surface. The second electrode is in contact with both the self-assembled layer and the electrode insulating layer.Type: GrantFiled: March 18, 2004Date of Patent: October 10, 2006Assignees: Lucent Technologies Inc., Princeton UniversityInventors: Zhenan Bao, Jie Zheng, James C. Sturm, Troy Graves-Abe
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Patent number: 7115983Abstract: Multilayer thin-film electronics are manufactured at high speed, even while the various component functions are manufactured separately under conditions tailored to optimize component performance and yield. Each function or group of functions is fabricated on a separate flexible substrate. These flexible substrates are bonded to each other using adhesive films that are anisotropic electrical conductors or optical light guides. The bonding is performed by laminating the flexible substrates to each other in a continuous process, using the anisotropic conductor as the bonding layer.Type: GrantFiled: September 21, 2004Date of Patent: October 3, 2006Assignee: The Trustees of Princeton UniversityInventor: Sigurd Wagner
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Publication number: 20060211046Abstract: The invention relates to fusion proteins and bacteria encoding them. The fusion proteins include a ligand-binding domain interposed between the splicing domains of an intein. An auxotroph-relieving protein domain is fused to one of the splicing domains so that the auxotroph-relieving function of the domain is activated upon ligand binding. The fusion proteins can be expressed in bacterial cells and used as sensors of binding of compounds with the ligand-binding domain of proteins such as the human estrogen receptors or the human thyroid hormone receptor. The bacterially expressed fusion proteins can detect and report agonist and antagonist activity characteristic of the naturally-occurring hormone with the ability to modulate the function of the protein from which the ligand-binding domain of the fusion protein is derived.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 17, 2005Publication date: September 21, 2006Applicant: The Trustees of Princeton UniversityInventors: David Wood, Georgios Skretas
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Patent number: 7102451Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for increasing the intensity of coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances, used in atomic clocks and magnetometers, by pumping the atoms with light of alternating polarization. Pumping with such light, characterized by a photon spin vector that alternates in direction at a hyperfine frequency of the atoms at the location of the atoms, is referred to as push-pull pumping. In one embodiment of the system of the present invention, alkali-metal vapor is pumped with alternating circular-polarization D1 laser light that is intensity modulated at appropriate resonance frequencies, thereby exciting CPT resonances, which can be observed as increase in the mean transmittance of the alkali-metal vapor. These resonances are substantially enhanced due to an optically-induced concentration of atoms in the resonant energy sublevels.Type: GrantFiled: February 7, 2005Date of Patent: September 5, 2006Assignee: Princeton University, Office of Technology, Licensing & Intellectual PropertyInventors: William Happer, Yuan-Yu Jau, Nicholas N. Kuzma, Eli Miron, Amber B. Post, Michael V. Romalis
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Publication number: 20060194008Abstract: Phosphorus-based coatings having a plurality of phosphate moieties, a plurality of phosphonate moieties, or both, covalently bonded to an oxide surface of an implantable substrate exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics: (a) the surface phosphorus-containing group density of the coated regions of the substrate is at least about 0.1 nmol/cm2; (b) the phosphorus-based coating has a thickness of less than about 10 nm; or (c) the surface phosphorus-containing group density of the coated regions of the substrate is equal to or greater than the surface hydroxyl group density of the oxide surface of the substrate. Implantable devices embodying the coated substrates are also disclosed.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 12, 2006Publication date: August 31, 2006Applicant: Princeton UniversityInventors: Jeffrey Schwartz, Ellen Gawalt, Michael Alvatroni