Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing wells in which the tubing and casing are used as electrical conduits for a centrifugal pump in the well and single phase A. C. or D. C. current is supplied to the well and converted to three phase current at the pump motor.

Abstract: A collar for electrically insulating between upper and lower tubing sections in which load bearing insulating materials in the collar are isolated from fluids both interior and exterior the collar.

Abstract: An invention for supplying power to a well. In one embodiment power heats a tubing from adjacent the surface to a selected level to prevent the formation of solids. The tubing is heated by passing an electric current therethrough. In one form the tubing is insulated from the wellhead and the casing down to a selected level where an electrical connection is made between the tubing and casing. Current is applied to the tubing at a point below an insulating tubing collar. In another form an insulated conduit is run into the well to a selected depth and connected to the tubing. Electrical power is connected to the tubing and to the insulated conduit.In another form a sucker rod is electrically insulated from the tubing down to a selected depth. The sucker rod includes a non-conducting section such as a fiberglas sucker rod. A conduit is run through the fiberglas rod and connected to the steel sucker rod therebelow.