Abstract: The present invention relates to an anhydrite binder and to the method of making the same from the gypsum by-product (phosphogypsum) resulting from the production of phosphoric acid by the wet method, said binder comprising particulate anhydrous CaSO.sub.4 with an insoluble CaSO.sub.4 content of at least 93%, an average particle size diameter of 5 to 30, with 15% by weight or more of the particles having a diameter smaller than 10.mu. and 20% by weight or more of the particles having a diameter larger than 20.mu., and a pore volume of less than 0.29cc/g in the case of pores having a radius less than about 6.6.mu..

Abstract: Compositions for inhibiting the deposition of scale from aqueous solutions onto surfaces in contact with the solutions, such compositions comprising at least one fluorocarbon which will deposit on such surface, exemplary fluorocarbons being at least one of the following: ##STR1## where n is an integer from 2 to 20, the compositions optionally containing hydroxyethylenediphosphonic acid, together with methods for treating surfaces with such fluorocarbons.

Abstract: Phosphorus-containing activators for percompounds, the activators being tris(acetoxymethyl) phosphine oxide and its precursors including tris(acetoxymethyl) phosphine and tetrakis(acetoxymethyl) phosphonium compounds, together with the use of such activators with percompounds for oxidizing or bleaching such as in bleaching fibers, oils, fats, and waxes, cosmetological treatment of hair and skin, metallic surface passivation, and purification, disinfection and sterilization techniques, the use of such activators providing more rapid action at a given temperature or equal activity at a lower temperature.

Abstract: Improved process for the preparation of copper phthalocyanine pigment stable to crystallization by grinding a crude copperphthalocyanine and adding a compound stabilizing the pigment against crystallization and derived from phthalocyanine, wherein the improvement comprises dry grinding the crude phthalocyanine in the absence of any mineral substrate and of any crystallizing solvent thereby obtaining a ground phthalocyanine of non-pigmentary or feebly pigmentary character, and treating the said ground phthalocycanine with a crystallizing solvent in the presence of the stabilizing compound at a temperature from ordinary room temperature to the boiling temperature of the solvent, the concentration of the stabilizing compound being from 1% to 25% of the weight of the phthalocyanine; pigmentary compositions in the form of powder or pigmented paste obtained by such a process and compositions containing a stable copper phthalocyanine pigment prepared in accordance with such a process.

Abstract: A new electrolyzer for the industrial production of fluorine gas which uses bipolar and monopolar electrodes within a tank containing an electrolyte of an anhydrous mixture of mineral fluorides and hydrogen fluoride. A compact construction is achieved which requires only two current connections.

Abstract: Copolymers of acrylamide and dyes useful as reactive prepolymers for the preparation of structurally dyed water-insoluble macromolecular materials. The dyes have a polymerizable double bond, such as maleimido, acryloylamino or cyanovinyl groups.

Abstract: Novel percompound activators having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are the same or different and are hydrogen or certain substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched chain alkyl radicals, cycloalkyl radicals, or hydrocarbon radicals containing at least one aromatic ring, or R.sub.5 and/or R.sub.6 are COR.sub.7, where R.sub.7 is hydrogen or certain substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched chain alkyl radicals or hydrocarbon radicals containing at least one aromatic ring, the activators producing more rapid bleaching or oxidation at a given temperature or the same bleaching effect at a lower temperature and being useful for bleaching textile fibers, oils, fats, and waxes; hair and skin treatment; metal surface passivation; or purifying, sterilizing and disinfecting techniques.

Abstract: A novel catalyst for converting sulfurous anhydride to sulfuric anhydride and vice versa, which catalyst comprises iron, copper, and at least one alkali metal selected from among sodium and potassium, the catalyst simultaneously having good activity at 600.degree. C and withstanding temperatures up to 850.degree. C without degradation.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cyano-azo dyestuff which is insoluble in water and has the formula:(CN).sub.n -- A -- N .dbd. N -- B (I)starting with a halogen-azo compound of formula:(Hal).sub.n -- A -- N .dbd. N -- B (II)in which A denotes a benzenoid group containing a nitrile or halogen substituent(s) in ortho position with respect to the azo group;Hal represents an atom of halogen, and preferably bromine or chlorine;B denotes the radical of a coupling compound; and preferably a substituted para-aminoarylene radical;A and B are devoid of groups which confer solubility in water and may contain other substituents such as halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aralkyl, nitro, cyano, trifluoroalkyl, sulfonyl, acylamino, acyl, secondary or tertiary amino, or an ester of a carboxylic acid;And n is 1 or 2, wherein a compound of formula (II) is reacted with an alkali cyanide, preferably sodium cyanide, in the presence of water, and further in the presence of a solvent formed by a sulfide of formula:NC -- R -- S -- (R').sub.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for eliminating oxygen dissolved in water wherein there is added to the water a hydrazine solution containing, as the activator, an amount of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## WHEREIN A = 0, 1 OR 2; B = 0, 1, 2 OR 3; C = 0, 1, 2 OR 3; B + C = 2 OR 3; AND A + B + C = 3, 4 OR 5, SUFFICIENT TO INCREASE THE RATE OR REMOVAL OF SUCH OXYGEN COMPARED TO THE RATE WHEN AN AQUEOUS HYDRAZINE SOLUTION, PER SE, IS USED.The use of aqueous solutions of hydrazine to eliminate oxygen dissolved in water, such as boiler or heater water, is known.

Abstract: Chromiferous complexes of the type: ##STR1## IN WHICH (I) represents the residue of a metallizable azo or azomethine compound, (II) represents the residue of a bidentate chelating agent and Z represents a monofunctional neutral ligand: process for the preparation of such complexes which comprises reacting a bidentate chelating agent with a 1:1 cationic chromium complex of an azo or azomethine compound in the presence of ammonia or an organic base and the use of such complexes for the coloration of synthetic materials.

Abstract: Azopyrazolium dyes of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group or a phenyl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom or with a nitro, alkoxy or alkyl group; R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group; R.sub.3 represents an atom of hydrogen or halogen; R.sub.4 represents the residue of a coupler R.sub.4 H free of a sulfonic or carboxylic group; and X.sup.- represents a monovalent anion, and 3-trifluoromethyl-4-aryl-5-amino pyrazoles of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 have the same meanings as above and R'.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a phenyl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom or with a nitro, alkoxy or alkyl group, are disclosed; methods are disclosed for making these compounds and using them, e.g., for using the pyrazoles to form the dyes.

Abstract: New cationic pyrazole dyestuffs are disclosed represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein one of the symbols R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 represents an alkyl group and the other a phenyl, chlorophenyl or methoxyphenyl group; R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group; R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, halogenoalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or acylaminoalkyl group; X represents a hydrogen or chlorine atom; Y represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a methyl, alkoxy or acetylamino group; and A.sup.- represents a monovalent anion. These pyrazole dyestuffs can be used for dyeing or printing of fibers based on polymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile and fibers based on polyamides or polyesters modified by acid groups.

Abstract: A process and a catalyst composition to effect hydrocarbon transformations comprising contacting a hydrocarbon charge with a catalyst comprising a fluorinated graphite having a fluorine to carbon atomic ratio of from about 0.1 to 1 and having bonded thereto from about 5 to 50 percent by weight of the total weight of the catalyst of at least one Lewis acid compound selected from halides of the elements of Group IIA, IIIA, IVB, V or VIB of the Periodic Table. In addition, the catalysts may also have bonded thereto a minor portion of a Bronsted acid and/or a metal of Group IVB or VIII of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: Catalysts for the preparation of unsaturated nitriles by the ammoxidation of olefins, the catalysts comprising a combination of the oxides of antimony, tin, zirconium, copper, and tungsten having the general formula:Sb.sub.a Sn.sub.b Zr.sub.c Cu.sub.d W.sub.e O.sub.fwhere a is from 1 to 10, b is from 1 to 10, c is 1, d is from 0.01 to 5, e is from 0.01 to 0.05, and f is the number of oxygen atoms in the oxidized combination with the metallic elements, together with processes for the preparation of nitriles by olefin ammoxidation, particularly acrylonitrile produced by ammoxidizing propylene, using such catalysts.

Abstract: Sizing bath for a non-woven cellulose based substrate in which the bath has a pH of 2 to 12 and contains as sizing agent at least one anionic latex of at least one copolymer of which the vitreous transition temperature is -40.degree. C. to +120.degree. C.

Abstract: Wet-process phosphoric acid is purified sufficiently to take the place of purified thermal-process acid by a method which comprises (1) contacting an initial aqueous phase of a crude wet-process phosphoric acid with a water-immiscible solvent for phosphoric acid and allowing phosphoric acid and anionic impurities to be extracted or charged into said solvent leaving the cationic impurities in the first aqueous phase; (2) mechanically separating the charged solvent from the initial aqueous phase and contacting the charged solvent with water to allow the phosphoric acid and anionic impurities to be re-extracted into a second aqueous phase; (3) contacting the second aqueous phase with a water-immiscible alkaline liquid medium and allowing the anionic impurities to be transferred to said alkaline medium; and (4) mechanically separating the second aqueous phase containing pure phosphoric acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2-(4'-aminophenyl) 5-amino benzimidazole, a known intermediate used in the synthesis of azo dyes, is disclosed wherein p-nitrobenzoic acid is condensed with aniline, and the N(4'-nitrobenzoyl) aniline produced is dinitrited to N(4'-nitrobenzoyl) 2,4-dinitroaniline; the latter is reduced to the corresponding triamine, which, upon cyclodehydration, results in the 2-(4'-aminophenyl) 5-amino benzimidazole.

Abstract: A dyestuff of the formula: ##STR1## in which A is thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thienyl, or imidazolyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one to three substituents selected from chlorine, bromine, methyl, phenyl, nitro, cyano, thiocyano, acetyl, carbalkoxy containing 2 to 5 carbon atoms and alkylsulfonyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms;X is hydrogen, chlorine, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, formylamino, acetylamino, propanoylamino, benzoylamino or cinnamoylamino;Y is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy;R is hydrogen, alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms or the group of formula: ##STR2## said alkyl being unsubstituted or substituted by one hydroxy, alkoxy containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenoxy, acetyloxy, cyano, alkylsulfonyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, carbalkoxy containing 2 to 5 carbon atoms or alkoxycarbonyloxy containing 2 to 5 carbon atoms;N is equal to 1, 2 or 3; andZ is 2-cyanovinyl, 2-cyanoethyl or 2-chloro-2-cyanoethyl and which are useful

Abstract: This invention relates to new products comprising at least one isomer of polyfluorinated-chain phosphine oxide with the general formula (I):c.sub.n F.sub.2n+1 (C.sub.2 H.sub.4) PO (CH.sub.3).sub.2 (I)and complying with one of the developed formulae II or III : ##STR1## in which C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1 represents a perfluorinated aliphatic chain, n lying between 2 and 18.The invention further relates to methods of obtaining the phosphine oxides of formula I.