Abstract: A stator for an electric motor or generator comprising a circumferential support having a plurality of protrusions circumferentially distributed about the support; and a plurality of teeth arranged to receive coil windings, wherein each tooth includes a recess with interlocking means formed within the recess for engaging with a protrusion mounted on the circumferential support in a radial direction.

Abstract: A brake arrangement for a vehicle comprising a braking system arranged to vary hydraulic or pneumatic brake pressure that is arranged to apply a pressure to a brake calliper; an electric motor arranged to generate a braking torque that is applied to a first wheel when the electric motor is placed in a braking mode of operation, wherein the electric motor is arranged to vary brake torque generated when the electric motor is in the braking mode dependent upon a predetermined operating condition of the braking system.

Abstract: A switch arrangement for an electric motor or generator having a plurality of coil windings that during operation of the electric motor or generator are electrically coupled to form a star point connection and that are arranged to have different voltage phases applied across the respective coil windings, the switch arrangement comprising a rectifier arranged to be coupled to the respective plurality of coil windings, wherein the rectifier is arranged to rectify an alternating current flowing in the respective coil windings and provide the rectified AC current to a DC output; and a switch coupled across the rectifier DC output, wherein the switch is operable to electrically isolate the plurality of coil windings.

Abstract: A suspension control system for a vehicle having a wheel (52) mounted to the vehicle via a suspension device mounted to a mounting point on the vehicle with an electric motor being arranged to apply to the wheel a torque for driving the wheel, the suspension control system comprising a controller arranged to modulate a torque applied to the wheel by the electric motor based on the relative longitudinal movement of the wheel with respect to the mounting point on the vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle (100) comprising an engine (103) arranged to apply a first drive torque to a first wheel (101) for moving the vehicle (100); and an electric motor (40) arranged to apply a second drive torque to a second wheel (101) for moving the vehicle (100) when in a drive mode and to generate a current when placed in a braking mode of operation and the electric motor (40) is being driven by the second wheel (101), wherein the electric motor (40) is arranged to operate in the braking mode when the engine (103) is applying a drive torque to the first wheel (101).

Abstract: An electric motor for rotating a wheel of a vehicle, the electric motor having a rotor, a stator and coil windings, a first sensor arranged to output a first signal indicative of a position of the rotor relative to the stator, a second sensor arranged to output a second signal indicative of a position of the rotor relative to the stator; wherein the first sensor and second sensor are offset with respect to each other such that upon rotation of the rotor relative to the stator the first output signal and second output signal allow the direction of the rotor to be determined; wherein the first output signal and second output signal are used for controlling current in the coil windings and at least one of the first output signal and second output signal are provided to a vehicle braking system to allow the vehicle braking system to determine a wheel lock condition or an onset of a wheel lock condition, wherein the onset of a wheel lock condition is determined based on predetermined criteria.

Abstract: An electric motor or generator having a stator with stator teeth for mounting electrical coils and a rotor, wherein the stator has a first surface that is parallel to an axis of rotation of the rotor and is axially separated from the stator teeth and the rotor has a second surface that is formed in substantially the same axial position as the stator s first surface, wherein material is mounted on the first surface or the second surface that has a lower frictional coefficient than the first surface or second surface.

Abstract: A torque control system for a vehicle having a plurality of wheels, wherein at least two of the wheels are arranged to be driven by separate electric motors, the system comprising a master controller arranged to monitor the torque generated by at least one of the electric motors and upon a determination that the torque produced by the at least one electric motor is reduced as a result of a predetermined condition the master controller is arranged to adjust the torque generated in the at least one electric motor and/or another electric motor so that the torque generated by the at least one electric motor and the another electric motor are substantially the same.

Abstract: A control device for a vehicle comprising a moveable element and means for outputting a signal indicative of an angle that a wheel of a vehicle should be rotated through, thereby allowing movement of the vehicle, wherein the indicated angle is based on the degree of movement the moveable element is moved through

Abstract: A control system for an electric motor having a first control device arranged to control current in a first coil set for generating a first torque on a rotor and a second control device arranged to control current in a second coil set for generating a second torque on the rotor, the system comprising a controller arranged to instruct the first control device to control current in the first coil set to generate a torque on the rotor to allow rotation of the rotor; and means for measuring a characteristic associated with the second coil set resulting from the rotation of the rotor from the torque generated by the first coil set while substantially no current is flowing in the coils of the second coil set.

Abstract: A cooling system for a vehicle having an engine and an electric motor, wherein the electric motor is arranged to generate a motor torque for driving the vehicle, the cooling system comprising means for transferring heat energy between the motor cooling means and the engine cooling means upon the occurrence of a predetermined criteria, wherein the motor cooling means is for controlling the temperature of the electric motor and the engine cooling means is for controlling the temperature of the engine.