Abstract: Methodology and apparatus for on-line UV monitoring of automated synthesis reactions. An apparatus includes a module with a fluidic cell the operational parameters of which remain substantially unchangeable not only during the process of monitoring but also in time between sequential processes. The module includes a separable housing structure containing a source of UV-light and an optical detector integrated with substantially temperature-insensitive fluidic cell. A portion of the cell is defined by a slot formed in a cell-chassis and complemented with inlet and outlet dimensioned to ensure that no air-bubble(s) and/or stagnating fluid is present in the cell during time when liquid reactants to-be-measured are delivered through the inlet into the cell. The method is configured to determine progression and completion of the reaction(s) and modification of reactions' times and repetitions of reaction(s) in real time.

Abstract: Methodology and apparatus for on-line UV monitoring of automated synthesis reactions. An apparatus includes a module with a fluidic cell the operational parameters of which remain substantially unchangeable not only during the process of monitoring but also in time between sequential processes. The module includes a separable housing structure containing a source of UV-light and an optical detector integrated with substantially temperature-insensitive fluidic cell. A portion of the cell is defined by a slot formed in a cell-chassis and complemented with inlet and outlet dimensioned to ensure that no air-bubble(s) and/or stagnating fluid is present in the cell during time when liquid reactants to-be-measured are delivered through the inlet into the cell. The method is configured to determine progression and completion of the reaction(s) and modification of reactions' times and repetitions of reaction(s)s in real time.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods utilizing infrared energy for heating reactions associated with peptide synthesis, such as activation, deprotection, coupling, and cleavage. Thorough agitation of the contents of reaction vessels during heating and real-time monitoring and adjustment of temperature and/or reaction duration are also described. Existing peptide synthesizers may be retrofitted to include an infrared energy source.

Abstract: A method for on-line monitoring of deprotection reaction in a peptide automated synthesizer comprising UV detector is disclosed. A UV source, detector, electronics, and housing are integrated with a line or tube through which liquid reactants flow for periodic measurements in the peptide synthesizer. The method includes determining the progression of the reaction, completion point of the reaction, and the modification of the reaction times and repetitions in real time.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems for on-line UV monitoring of automated synthesizer reactions. The device includes a UV source, detector, electronics, and housing that are integrated with a line or tube through which liquid reactants flow for periodic measurements in a synthesizer system. The methods include the measurements and methods for determining the progression of the reaction, completion point of the reaction, and the modification of the reaction times and repetitions in real time.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for simultaneously carrying out multiple and highly parallel synthesis of compounds based on the solid-phase synthesis technique, in particular, peptide synthesis. Time-consuming and costly multiple rinsing processes required in solid-phase synthesis after distributing and replacing the reagents can be avoided by proposing an improved apparatus for fully automatic synthesis and subsequent separation of the synthesized compounds that involves separate synthesizer pins 11 for each synthetic unit with a reagent reservoir 20; 21 and individual dosing capability. These synthesizer pins 11 are provided in a separate holder 4 from where they are picked up by the gripper arm 2 of the automatic synthesizer 1. The openings of the reaction chambers 9 of the synthesizer plates 5 are closed (covered) by a permeable material 25 for contamination-free placement of the synthesizer pins 11 and adding reagent doses to the solid or liquid phases.

Abstract: The objective of combinatorial chemical synthesis is the preparation of a very large number of different molecular entities by a randomized process of sequential chemical syntheses. The present invention provides a combinatorial vessel comprising a reaction region and a mixing region, adjacent to each other, which can be used to practice combinatorial chemical synthesis. The reaction region comprises a plurality of reaction cavities, in which a plurality of different chemical reactions may be performed simultaneously on resin beads. The resin beads are then transferred to the mixing region and mixed into a single group. Then, the resin beads are transferred into the reaction cavities. The process of performing reactions, transferring to the mixing region, mixing, and transferring to the reaction region can be repeated multiple times to obtain a large number of resin beads, each of which has been exposed to a series of reactions different from most of the other resin beads.

Abstract: A multi-channel separation device is provided for use in separation technology, particularly in electrophoresis and in isoelectric focusing. The device includes two mating plates, at least one of which contains an array of at least three cavities arranged to define a serpentine fluid pathway through the cavities when the plates are mated. Each of the cavities includes fluid input and output ports to facilitate transfer of process fluid through the cavities. A septum is disposed between the plates for streamlining fluid flow between the input and output ports by restricting but not preventing free fluid flow between adjacent cavities. The device also includes anodic and cathodic compartments containing electrodes for establishing an electric field across the cavities.

Abstract: A novel pH buffering system which is functionally stable under electrophoretic conditions employs buffering components in complementary buffer pairs. The buffering components are selected from among simple chemically defined ampholytes, weak acids and weak bases, and are paired together on the basis of their dissociation characteristics to define narrow overlapping buffering zones in which the buffering components exhibit low net electrophoretic mobility combined with desired pH buffering capacity. The narrow buffering zones cover from 0.4 to 1.25 pH units within a broad range of pH values of from about pH 3 to about pH 10. Specific buffering pH values within the narrow buffering zones are obtainable by varying the molar ratios of the two buffering components of the selected buffer pair. The buffering system may be used to form functionally stable precast narrow pH zone gradients in free solution, and has particular utility in isoelectric focusing and other electrophoretic processes.

Abstract: Chemical reactions are readily carried out using supercritical carbon dioxide as the reaction medium. Supercritical carbon dioxide is of special value as a reaction medium in reactions for synthesizing polypeptides, for sequencing polypeptides, or for amino acid analysis.

Abstract: A novel and convenient process is described for providing protected amino acids and activating agents for solid phase synthesis which drastically reduces the capital costs of equipment required for the preparation of peptides. The two normally very reactive reagents, when mixed as anhydrous powders are shelf stable and yet form an active compound rapidly when mixed together in solution. This invention presents a method for combining these highly reactive dry solids in a manner which makes them unreactive and shelf stable at room temperature for extended periods of time. Once the solids are dissolved in solvent, a highly reactive amino acid ester that can readily be used in solid phase peptide synthesis is formed. This method of delivery of reagents to an automated peptide synthesizer allowers a very simplified instrument to be constructed using fewer and less expensive components and significantly reducing the associated software required.

Abstract: Chemical reactions are readily carried out using supercritical carbon dioxide as the reaction medium. Supercritical carbon dioxide is of special value as a reaction medium in reactions for synthesizing polypeptides, for sequencing polypeptides, or for amino acid analysis.

Abstract: A dry, immunologically active filtered product is produced through the controlled one or two stage ultrafiltration of liquid whey containing immunologically active immunoglobulin (Ig). When a predetermined quantity of the filtered product with an active Ig concentration of at least about seven percent of total solids is fed to newborn calves, the product functions as a substitute for natural colostrum, providing both temporary passive immunity as well as initiation of the active immune system of the animal. Disease resistance and growth rate in animals including humans is enhanced by oral administration of the filtered product. The immunological properties of the filtered product result from the presence of substantially enhanced concentrations of active Ig as well as other immunologically active whey components in comparison to the immunologically ineffective concentrations of these materials in the liquid whey ultrafiltration feedstock.