Abstract: A method of designing a utility distribution system. The method begins with lot data that geographically defines lots in an area to which the utility will be provided. The lot data is stored in a computer in a geographic information system (GIS). The lot data is then computer processed to determine routing data identifying a network of potential utility supply routes, and to produce site data identifying a plurality of placement sites for distribution devices such as transformers for an electrical distribution system. The routing and site data is also stored in the computer. The lot potential routing and site data is then mapped into equivalent expert system objects, and processed using an expert system to produce actual routing data specifying, for each lot, a route along which the lot can be connected to a distribution device, and the size of the required conductor. The routing data may then be mapped back into the GIS.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring an electric field using the electroreflectance effect. The apparatus comprises sensor means and a probe positionable at the point at which the electric field is to be measured. The probe comprises a layer of en electroreflective material having first and second surfaces. An optical source signal is directed onto the probe such that reflection or transmission at the first and second surfaces produces an optical output signal. The intensity of the output signal provides a measure of the electroreflective effect and therefore a measure of the electric field. The wavelength of the source signal is selected such that the electroreflective material exhibits the electroreflective effect at that wavelength, and such that the reflectance of the layer of electroreflective material at that wavelength changes as the index of refraction of the electroreflective material changes.