Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatuses for low-profile lighting systems. In one aspect, a lighting apparatus can include a lighting apparatus having a light emitter and an electronics substrate including an electrical circuit. An unrolled capacitive film can be attached to the lighting apparatus and electrically coupled to the electrical circuit.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for fabricating thin film transistor (TFT) devices. In one aspect, a substrate having a source area, a drain area, and a channel area is provided. Metal cations are implanted in the oxide semiconductor layer overlying the source area and the drain area of the substrate. The metal cation implantation forms a doped n-type oxide semiconductor in the oxide semiconductor layer overlying the source area and the drain area of the substrate.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatuses for pixel vias. In one aspect, a method of forming an electromechanical device having a plurality of pixels includes depositing an electrically conductive black mask on a substrate at each of four corners and along at least one edge region of each pixel, depositing a dielectric layer over the black mask, depositing an optical stack including a stationary electrode over the dielectric layer, and depositing a mechanical layer over the optical stack. The method further includes providing a conductive via in a first pixel of the plurality of pixels, the via disposed in the dielectric layer and electrically connecting the stationary electrode to the black mask, the via disposed in a position along an edge of the first pixel, spaced offset from the edge of the first pixel in a direction towards the center of the first pixel.

Abstract: Improvements in an interferometric modulator that has a cavity defined by two walls.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for processing a substrate are described. A reactor includes a reaction chamber, a composite nozzle, and a reaction chamber outlet. The composite nozzle extends along a side of the chamber and includes a first nozzle and a second nozzle separate from and parallel the first nozzle. Each nozzle includes a body extending along an axis of elongation, an inlet providing communication between at least one source of a common species and an inner volume of the body, and holes spaced along the axis. The holes provide fluid communication between the inner volume and the chamber. The outlet is configured to allow flow from the composite nozzle through the chamber to the outlet. The first nozzle inlet is positioned at a first end of the first body, and the second nozzle inlet is positioned at a second end of the second body. The second end is opposite the first end of the first body.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for processing a substrate are disclosed. A reactor for processing a substrate includes a reaction chamber, a substrate support, a nozzle, and an outlet. The chamber is configured to process a single substrate on the substrate support. The nozzle extends along an axis of elongation along a side of the chamber. The nozzle includes a nozzle body forming an inner volume, an inlet providing fluid communication between a reactant source and the inner volume, and a plurality of holes spaced along the axis of elongation. The holes provide fluid communication between the inner volume of the nozzle body and the reaction chamber. The nozzle is configured such that fluid conductance through the holes increases with increasing distance from the inlet. The outlet is configured to allow flow from the nozzle through the reaction chamber to the outlet. The flow is parallel to a major surface of the substrate.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for processing multiple substrates in a processing tool. An apparatus for processing substrates can include a process chamber, a common reactant source, and a common exhaust pump. The process chamber can be configured to process multiple substrates. The process chamber can include a plurality of stacked individual subchambers. Each subchamber can be configured to process one substrate. The common reactant source can be configured to provide reactant to each of the subchambers in parallel. The common exhaust pump can be connected to each of the subchambers.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for imaging. In one aspect, the imaging system can include a light sensor, a light guide, an optical pattern generator, and a processor. The light guide can include light turning features configured to receive ambient light and to direct the ambient light out through an output surface of the light guide to the light sensor. The optical pattern generator can be configured to generate a light intensity pattern upon the passage of the ambient light through the optical pattern generator and project the light intensity pattern onto the light sensor. The processor can be configured to construct an image based on the light intensity pattern.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for making and controlling single-mirror interferometric modulators (IMODs), which may be multi-state IMODs or analog IMODs. In one aspect, a movable reflector stack or an absorber stack of an IMOD may include at least one protrusion that is configured to cause the movable reflector stack to be tilted relative to the absorber layer when the movable reflector stack is moved close to the absorber stack. The protrusion may be configured to cause color averaging when the IMOD is in a white state. The absorber stack may include an absorber layer having a lower extinction coefficient value at a red wavelength and a higher extinction coefficient value at a blue wavelength.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus related to displaying 3D images. In one aspect, an apparatus includes an array of display elements and a plurality of parallax barrier shutters. Each parallax barrier shutter corresponds to one of the display elements and is configured to be driven into a first state in which an angular distribution of light passing the parallax barrier shutter from the corresponding display element is weighted towards a first side of the apparatus or a second state in which the angular distribution of light passing the parallax barrier shutter from the corresponding display element is weighted towards a second side of the apparatus opposite the first side.

Abstract: An optical device suitable for forming a pixel in a video display. The optical device includes a first layer having a first refractive index; a second layer over the first layer, the second layer having a second refractive index less than the first refractive index; and a third layer over the second layer, the third layer having a third refractive index larger than the second refractive index; and a fourth layer that is at least partially optically absorptive, wherein the optical stack and the fourth layer are a first distance from one another when the device is in a first state and are a second distance from one another when the device is in a second state, the first distance different from the second distance.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for spectral color processing for multi-primary display devices. In one aspect, the display device can include display elements and a processor. The processor can create an output color palette of colors and transform the output color palette to a spectral space color palette. The processor also can receive data on an input color to be output by the display device, separate the input color into a combination of the primary colors that can create the input color, and transform the input color to the spectral space. Furthermore, the processor can select a color in the spectral space color palette based at least in part on the input color in the spectral space. The selected color can reduce metamerism.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for selecting a temporal modulation method according to an analysis of image data and for controlling a pixel array according to the temporal modulation method. The analysis may involve analyzing at least one of image content data or image gamut data.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for reducing image artifacts that arise when a display is exposed to sunlight over time. Various implementations disclosed herein can be implemented to prevent charge injection from inducing a negative offset voltage shift for display elements in the display. In one aspect, a buffer layer is applied to block electrons from being photoelectrically ejected from a movable reflective layer of a display element and into a stationary optical stack of the display element.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a thin film transistor (TFT) device on a substrate. In one aspect, the TFT device includes a gate electrode, an oxide semiconductor layer, and a gate insulator between the gate electrode and the oxide semiconductor layer. The oxide semiconductor layer includes at least two metal oxides, with the two metal oxides having a varying concentration relative to one another between a lower surface and an upper surface of the oxide semiconductor layer. The TFT device also includes a source metal adjacent to a portion of the oxide semiconductor layer and a drain metal adjacent to another portion of the oxide semiconductor layer. The composition of the oxide semiconductor layer can be precisely controlled by a sequential deposition technique using atomic layer deposition (ALD).

Abstract: This disclosure provides implementations of systems, devices, components, methods, and techniques for producing an optical sensing interface capable of detecting touches or gestures. In one aspect, an apparatus includes a light source, a photo-detector, and a substrate. The apparatus includes an emitting waveguide that extends at least partially over the substrate and that is configured to propagate light from the light source to one or more corresponding emitting portions. Each emitting portion is capable of emitting at least a portion of the light outwards from a plane defining the substrate. The apparatus further includes a sensing waveguide that extends at least partially over the substrate and that includes one or more sensing portions. Each sensing portion is arranged proximate an emitting portion and is capable of receiving light scattered by an object over the corresponding emitting portion. The sensing waveguide is configured to propagate the received light to the photo-detector.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for providing a display device. In one aspect, the display device may include a light source system, a programmable hologram system, a light-turning layer and a control system. A control system may control the programmable hologram system to generate a sequence of holographic images of point light sources. The control system may control the programmable hologram system according to software stored in a non-transitory medium. By scanning a sequence of holographic images of point light sources across the light-turning layer, a frame of image data can be reproduced on the display device.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are provided for controlling launch effects of movable layers in electromechanical systems (EMS) devices. First and second EMS devices with first and second step creating layers are positioned over a substrate and spaced, by different gaps, from the movable layers of the EMS devices. The movable layers of the first and second EMS devices include steps having different heights and/or different edge spacing from the center of an anchoring region of each EMS device. The different steps can provide different launch effects for different EMS devices, and if the same thickness of sacrificial material is used for the different devices, the different launch effects can be responsible for different gap heights in the unbiased conditions.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for controlling a display device that includes a first display and a second display. In one aspect, one or more sets of content may be generated or provided by one or more applications. Content may be prioritized within the sets of content or among the sets of content or both. Information pertaining to at least a portion of at least one of the sets of content generated or provided by at least one of the applications may be rendered to one or more of a plurality of regions of the second display according to a result of the prioritizing such that each of the at least one of the applications or content types associated therewith is mapped to a different one of the plurality of regions of the second display.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for displaying high resolution images using an adaptive temporal dithering scheme on display devices having two or more color planes. The adaptive temporal dithering scheme includes identifying the dither visibility of an image to be displayed by the color planes and adaptively applying temporal dithering to the color plane having the highest dither visibility. In one aspect, temporal dithering can be adaptively applied between two different color planes on a frame-by-frame basis based at least partly on the dither visibility of the image content.