Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for providing a display device. In one aspect, the display device may include a light source system, a programmable hologram system, a light-turning layer and a control system. A control system may control the programmable hologram system to generate a sequence of holographic images of point light sources. The control system may control the programmable hologram system according to software stored in a non-transitory medium. By scanning a sequence of holographic images of point light sources across the light-turning layer, a frame of image data can be reproduced on the display device.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, apparatus, and computer programs encoded on computer storage media for reduced low tone pattern visibility. In one aspect, the disclosed methods receive an input image including a plurality of pixels, quantize the plurality of pixels, set half-tone image pixels corresponding to the portion of the input pixels that are below a crush threshold to a crushed value, and diffuse the quantization error resulting from the quantizing to half-tone image pixels other than the portion. In some implementations, the half-tone image pixels are then output to an output device such as an electronic display.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for calibrating display arrays. In one aspect, a method of calibrating a display array includes determining a particular drive response characteristic and updating a particular drive scheme voltage between updates of image data on the display array.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods and apparatus, including non-transitory processor instructions on computer storage media, which enable a dual-display device to automatically select and render content to a display. Dual-display devices may include devices with a primary and a secondary display, the secondary display consuming less power than the primary display and having reduced glare when viewed in sunlight. In one aspect, the selection of the display may be based upon at least two of: a battery state of the device, an ambient illumination, and an item of content to be displayed.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are provided for controlling launch effects of movable layers in electromechanical systems (EMS) devices. First and second EMS devices with first and second step creating layers are positioned over a substrate and spaced, by different gaps, from the movable layers of the EMS devices. The movable layers of the first and second EMS devices include steps having different heights and/or different edge spacing from the center of an anchoring region of each EMS device. The different steps can provide different launch effects for different EMS devices, and if the same thickness of sacrificial material is used for the different devices, the different launch effects can be responsible for different gap heights in the unbiased conditions.

Abstract: A system and method for an optical component that masks non-active portions of a display and provides an electrical path for one or more display circuits. In one embodiment an optical device includes a substrate, a plurality of optical elements on the substrate, each optical element having an optical characteristic which changes in response to a voltage applied to the optical element, and a light-absorbing, electrically-conductive optical mask disposed on the substrate and offset from the plurality of optical elements, the optical mask electrically coupled to one or more of the optical elements to provide electrical paths for applying voltages to the optical elements. In another embodiment, a method of providing an electrical signal to optical elements of a display comprises electrically coupling an electrically-conductive light-absorbing mask to one or more optical elements, and applying a voltage to the mask to activate the one or more optical elements.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for displaying high resolution images using an adaptive temporal dithering scheme on display devices having two or more color planes. The adaptive temporal dithering scheme includes identifying the dither visibility of an image to be displayed by the color planes and adaptively applying temporal dithering to the color plane having the highest dither visibility. In one aspect, temporal dithering can be adaptively applied between two different color planes on a frame-by-frame basis based at least partly on the dither visibility of the image content.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for controlling a display device that includes a first display and a second display. In one aspect, one or more sets of content may be generated or provided by one or more applications. Content may be prioritized within the sets of content or among the sets of content or both. Information pertaining to at least a portion of at least one of the sets of content generated or provided by at least one of the applications may be rendered to one or more of a plurality of regions of the second display according to a result of the prioritizing such that each of the at least one of the applications or content types associated therewith is mapped to a different one of the plurality of regions of the second display.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for controlling a display device that includes a first display, a touch screen disposed on the first display and a second display. In one aspect, the first display may be disposed on a first side of the display device (e.g., the front side) and the second display may be disposed on a second side of the display device (e.g., the back side). The second display may consume less power than the first display. Even when the first display is switched off, a control system may be configured to control the second display in response to input received from the touch screen disposed on the first display. The control system may be further configured to control the first display in response to input received from the touch screen when the first display is switched on or when the second display is not in use.

Abstract: Methods and devices to measure voltage margins of electromechanical devices are disclosed. The voltage margins are determined based on responses to test voltages which cause the devices to change states. State changes of the devices are detected by monitoring integrated current or charge used to drive the devices with the test voltages.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for delivery of gas from solid phase sources. A solid phase gas source canister can include multiple separated volumes configured to contain multiple quantities of a solid phase gas source. Sublimated vapor can be independently produced by each quantity of the solid phase gas source. In some implementations, the solid phase gas source canisters are configured for simultaneous fill of the multiple volumes with a solid source gas phase powder.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for packaging of dissimilar devices using electromagnetic radiation from a laser. In one aspect, an apparatus can include a first substrate, a second substrate, and a first device and a second device disposed on the second substrate. A first metal ring on the first substrate contacts a second metal ring on a second substrate, and is heated by a first electromagnetic radiation from a laser to enclose a first cavity containing the first device. A third metal ring on the first substrate contacts a fourth metal ring on the second substrate, and is heated by a second electromagnetic radiation to enclose a second cavity containing the second device. Enclosing the first cavity may be performed under a first atmosphere, and the enclosing the second cavity may be performed under a second, different atmosphere.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for fabricating devices use an inductively-coupled plasma. An inductively coupled plasma system includes a reaction chamber including a reaction space and a coil chamber. The system includes a workpiece support within the reaction space. The system includes a first inductive coil section and a second inductive coil section, the first and second inductive coil sections being independently movable. At least one power source is coupled to the first and second inductive coil sections. The first and second inductive coil sections and the at least one power source are configured to induce an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) in the reaction space. An adjustment mechanism is configured to move the first inductive coil section relative to the second inductive coil section.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus related to an electromechanical display device. In one aspect, an analog interferometric modulator (AIMOD) includes a reflective display pixel having a movable reflective layer and a stationary absorber layer, the reflective layer and absorber layer defining a cavity therebetween. A color notch filter may be employed to produce an improved white state. In some implementations, the color notch filter is positioned on a side of the substrate opposite the absorber layer. In some other implementations, the color notch filter is positioned between the substrate and the movable reflective layer.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for halftoning video images for presentation on an electronic display. In one aspect, input frames of video data may be received, where each input frame includes a number of input pixels, each input pixel having a respective first spatial coordinate location. For each input pixel, an output pixel is generated using a selected halftone value. The selected halftone value is substantially identical to a halftone value of a corresponding pixel in a comparison frame, where a spatial coordinate location of the “corresponding pixel” is determined based on a motion vector of an image element with which the pixel is associated.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for electromechanical systems displays. In one aspect, the display can include a plurality of electromechanical display elements including a first set of electromechanical display elements and a second set of electromechanical display elements. Each electromechanical display element can include a common electrode and a segment electrode. Each of the segment electrodes of the first set of electromechanical display elements can have a first area located under the common electrodes of the first set. Each of the segment electrodes of the second set of electromechanical display elements can have a second area smaller than the first area located under the common electrodes of the second set. In some implementations, an actuation voltage of each electromechanical display element of the first set is approximately the same as an actuation voltage of each electromechanical display element of the second set.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus that can generate PV power and simultaneously provide artificial lighting. The devices disclosed herein include a first optical structure having a plurality of focusing elements that can collect and focus ambient light onto a first set of light redirecting elements that is optically coupled to at least photovoltaic (PV) cell. The devices also include at least one illumination source that is optically coupled to a first edge of a second optical structure including a second set of light redirecting elements that can direct light from the at least one illumination source out of the device to provide artificial lighting. The at least one photovoltaic cell is coupled to a second edge of the second optical structure.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for selecting an operational mode of a reflective display device from a plurality of operational modes that include at least one field-sequential color mode. The operational mode may be selected based, at least in part, on ambient light data. The ambient light data may include ambient light intensity data, ambient light spectrum data and/or ambient light direction data. The operational mode may be selected based, at least in part, on other criteria, such as display application type and/or battery state data.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus that can generate PV power and simultaneously provide artificial lighting. The devices disclosed herein include a first optical structure having a plurality of focusing elements that can collect and focus ambient light onto a first set of light redirecting elements that is optically coupled to one or more photovoltaic (PV) cells. The devices also include one or more illumination sources that are optically coupled to a light guide including a second set of light redirecting elements that can direct light from the one or more illumination sources out of the device to provide artificial lighting. The devices further include a second optical structure disposed below the first optical structure such that the one or more illumination sources and the one or more PV cells are disposed along the edges of the first or the second optical structure.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus including a power generating and a power saving device having a plurality of shutters and a plurality of photovoltaic (PV) devices. In one aspect, each of the plurality of shutters is configured to move laterally in the plane of the shutter by the action of one or more electrostatic actuators. The array of shutters can control the amount of ambient light that is transmitted through the device. Additionally, the array of shutters can shield or expose the array of the PV devices to ambient sunlight to generate PV power.