Abstract: This invention provides for a method of making a spray-dried catalyst composition for use in any hydrocarbon conversion process. The particle size of the components is adjusted to improve the functionality of the catalyst for specific reactions. This invention also provides for a composite catalyst composition for use in any hydrocarbon conversion process that is dependent on the particle size.

Abstract: An improved hydrocarbon conversion catalyst is obtained through removal and modification by various means, of detrimental large and/or small particle fractions. Such modified fractions may be reused in the same or similar processes. The improved catalyst is advantageous to a wide range of hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: This invention is an improvement to refinery Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) additives. The improved is obtained through the adjustment of the particle size distributions of the additives. Narrowing the range of particle size distributions for the additives results in improved performance in a wide range of additive compounds. In addition it allows for removal of the additives when combined with cracking catalysts.

Abstract: A voltage stability monitoring apparatus monitors the voltage stability of a transmission corridor through which power flows between different parts of a power system. The apparatus monitors an equivalent load impedance at an interface between the transmission corridor and a part of the power system designated as generating the power. This equivalent load impedance at the interface comprises a ratio of a voltage phasor at the interface to a current phasor at the interface. The apparatus tracks a Thevenin equivalent voltage and impedance of the designated part by separately updating that voltage and impedance. Notably, the apparatus updates the imaginary part of the Thevenin equivalent voltage to reflect the magnitude of any changes in the voltage phasor that are associated with large variations in the magnitude of the equivalent load impedance at the interface. The apparatus computes an index indicating the voltage stability as a function of this tracked Thevenin equivalent voltage and impedance.

Abstract: A voltage stability monitoring apparatus monitors the voltage stability of a transmission corridor through which power flows between different parts of a power system. The apparatus monitors an equivalent load impedance at an interface between the transmission corridor and a part of the power system designated as generating the power. This equivalent load impedance at the interface comprises a ratio of a voltage phasor at the interface to a current phasor at the interface. The apparatus tracks a Thevenin equivalent voltage and impedance of the designated part by separately updating that voltage and impedance. Notably, the apparatus updates the imaginary part of the Thevenin equivalent voltage to reflect the magnitude of any changes in the voltage phasor that are associated with large variations in the magnitude of the equivalent load impedance at the interface. The apparatus computes an index indicating the voltage stability as a function of this tracked Thevenin equivalent voltage and impedance.