Abstract: Methods and systems for sequencing a biological molecule or polymer, e.g., a nucleic acid, are provided. One or more donor labels, which are attached to a pore or nanopore, may be illuminated or otherwise excited. A polymer having a monomer labeled with one or more acceptor labels, may be translocated through the pore. Either before, after or while the labeled monomer of the polymer passes through, exits or enters the pore, energy may be transferred from the excited donor label to the acceptor label of the monomer. As a result of the energy transfer, the acceptor label emits energy, and the emitted energy is detected in order to identify the labeled monomer of the translocated polymer and to thereby sequence the polymer.

Abstract: Methods and systems for sequencing a biological molecule or polymer, e.g., a nucleic acid, are provided. One or more donor labels, which are attached to a pore or nanopore, may be illuminated or otherwise excited. A polymer having a monomer labeled with one or more acceptor labels, may be translocated through the pore. Either before, after or while the labeled monomer of the polymer passes through, exits or enters the pore, energy may be transferred from the excited donor label to the acceptor label of the monomer. As a result of the energy transfer, the acceptor label emits energy, and the emitted energy is detected in order to identify the labeled monomer of the translocated polymer and to thereby sequence the polymer.

Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting or sequencing a biological molecule or polymer, e.g., a nucleic acid, are provided. Optical sequencing of a molecule may be performed utilizing an optical or photon detector operated in time delayed integration mode. In certain variations, the translocation rate of molecules through a, pore, nanopore or channel may be controlled or reduced by increasing the diameter of the molecules to allow for molecule detection or sequencing by optical or electrical detection. In certain variations, a plurality or an array of, pores, nanopores, or channels may be utilized to optically detect a plurality of molecules.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a device comprising a protein nanopore immobilized in a lipid layer within an aperture of a solid phase substrate, which provides a stable platform for using first and second members of one or more FRET pairs to generate optical signals as a labeled analyte translocates through the bore of the protein nanopore. In another aspect, the invention is directed to the use of the device to determine the nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide analyte.

Abstract: Methods and systems for sequencing a biological molecule or polymer, e.g., a nucleic acid, are provided. One or more donor labels, which are attached to a pore or nanopore, may be illuminated or otherwise excited. A polymer having a monomer labeled with one or more acceptor labels, may be translocated through the pore. Either before, after or while the labeled monomer of the polymer passes through, exits or enters the pore, energy may be transferred from the excited donor label to the acceptor label of the monomer. As a result of the energy transfer, the acceptor label emits energy, and the emitted energy is detected in order to identify the labeled monomer of the translocated polymer and to thereby sequence the polymer.