Abstract: A multi-atomic object crystal is transported from a first leg to a second leg of an atomic object confinement apparatus through a corresponding junction. Voltage sources in electrical communication with electrodes of the apparatus are controlled to confine the crystal in the first leg. The voltage sources are controlled to cause transport of the crystal along the first leg to proximate the junction and then to cause generation of a time-dependent potential at the junction that is configured to cause the crystal to traverse a transport path through the junction from the first leg to the second leg via a dynamic potential well defining a particular variable axial frequency. The transport path is determined by combining a path of constant total confinement for a representative atomic object of the crystal and a path of radio frequency minimum for the representative atomic object, using a particular variable path ratio.

Abstract: A quantum system controller configured to perform (near) real-time quantum error correction is provided. The controller comprises a processing device comprising at least one first processing element; a time-indexed command (TIC) sequencer comprising at least one second processing element; and a plurality of driver controller elements configured to control the operation of respective components and associated with respective buffers and processing elements. The processing device is configured to generate commands and the TIC sequencer is configured to cause the time-indexed execution of the commands by the appropriate driver controller elements.

Abstract: A multi-atomic object crystal is transported from a first leg to a second leg of an atomic object confinement apparatus through a corresponding junction. Voltage sources in electrical communication with electrodes of the apparatus are controlled to confine the crystal in the first leg. The voltage sources are controlled to cause transport of the crystal along the first leg to proximate the junction and then to cause generation of a time-dependent potential at the junction that is configured to cause the crystal to traverse a transport path through the junction from the first leg to the second leg via a dynamic potential well. An order of atomic objects within the multi-atomic object crystal is changed as the multi-atomic object crystal traverses the transport path.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a system comprising an atomic object confinement apparatus and one or more signal manipulation elements is provided. Each signal manipulation element (a) is associated with a respective atomic object position of the atomic object confinement apparatus and (b) is one of a collection array or an action array. A collection array is configured to, responsive to an emitted signal emitted by an atomic object at the respective atomic object position being incident on the collection array, provide an induced collection signal to a respective collection position. An action array is configured to, responsive to an incoming signal being incident on the action array, provide an induced action signal to the respective atomic object position. The one or more signal manipulation elements comprise metamaterial arrays and/or diffractive optical elements.

Abstract: A loading assembly configured for providing atomic objects to an atomic object confinement apparatus is provided. The loading assembly comprises one or more ovens. Each oven (a) comprises a respective oven nozzle and (b) is configured to generate a respective atomic flux of a respective atomic species via the respective oven nozzle. The loading assembly comprises a mirror array and a magnet array configured to, when optical beams are provided to the mirror and magnet assembly, generate a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (2D MOT). The 2D MOT is configured to generate a substantially collimated atomic beam from the respective atomic fluxes generated by the one or more ovens. The loading assembly further comprises a differential pumping tube defining a beam path. The differential pumping tube is configured to provide the substantially collimated atomic beam via the beam path.

Abstract: Atomic object confinement apparatuses that include RF busses and systems including atomic object confinement apparatuses that include RF busses are provided. An example atomic object confinement apparatus comprises RF rail electrodes and an RF bus electrode(s). The RF rail electrodes form a periodic array of confinement segments within a central zone of the atomic object confinement apparatus and the RF bus electrodes are disposed in a perimeter zone disposed about the central zone. The RF rail electrodes and the RF bus electrode(s) are configured to generate a substantially periodic array of trapping regions when an oscillating voltage signal is applied to the RF rail electrodes and the RF bus electrode(s).

Abstract: Various embodiments for precise and accurate delivery, in terms of position, frequency, and/or phase, of one or more lasers to an atomic system are provided. In a first embodiment, a gate laser system for a trapped ion quantum computer comprising a first and second laser are provided. The first and second lasers are frequency locked to a first and second frequency of a frequency comb, respectively. The first and second lasers are each configured to provide laser beams to a qubit ion within an ion trap of the quantum computer to provide a gate. In another embodiment, a qubit ion and sympathetic ion management system for a trapped ion quantum computer comprising a first, second, and third laser is provided. Each laser is locked to a different frequency of a frequency comb, and provide one or more laser beams to an ion trap of the quantum computer.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide methods, apparatuses, systems, or computer program products for providing a signal to an electrode of a quantum computer. In an example embodiment, the system comprises noise mitigation circuitry comprising a signal generator, a gain stage, and a filter stage. The signal generator may be comprised of a plurality of voltage sources. The controller causes the signal generator to generate a signal, and the signal is provided to the electrode through the noise mitigation circuitry to cause at least a portion of the system to perform a function.

Abstract: Methods and controllers for reading a quantum state of an atomic object and/or qubit using coherent shelving are provided. A controller causes a first beam of a first wavelength and a second beam of a second wavelength to be incident on the qubit and causes a reading beam to be incident on the qubit. The first wavelength and the second wavelength are configured to couple a state of a qubit space of the qubit to a stable state. The stable state has a lifetime that is longer than a length of time required for performing a reading operation. The first beam and the second beam are generated by at least one manipulation source operated by at least one manipulation source driver of and/or in communication with and/or controlled by the controller.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an atomic object trap apparatus and a method of operating such. The atomic object trap apparatus comprises two or more radio frequency (RF) electrodes formed concentrically in a substantially elliptical shape; and three or more trapping and/or transport (TT) electrode sequences formed concentrically in a substantially elliptical shape. The two or more RF electrodes and the three or more TT electrode sequences define a substantially elliptically-shaped atomic object trap. At least one TT electrode sequence of the three or more TT electrode sequences is disposed concentrically between the two or more RF electrodes. Each RF electrode and TT electrode sequence is elliptically shaped such that each comprises two substantially parallel longitudinal regions and two arc-spanning beltway regions, the four regions forming a substantially elliptical shape. The method is directed to operating a quantum computing system comprising an example atomic object trap apparatus.

Abstract: Methods and dispensers for dispensing atomic objects are provided. An example method for dispensing atomic objects includes sealing a reaction component at least partially coated with a composition comprising the atomic objects inside an oven; and, with the oven disposed within a pressure-controlled chamber, heating the composition to an atomizing reaction temperature to cause an atomizing chemical reaction to occur. The reaction component comprises a material that is a participant in the reaction. A result of the reaction is elemental atomic objects deposited on a depositing surface within the oven. The atomizing reaction temperature is greater than a dispensing threshold temperature. The method further comprises allowing the oven to cool below the dispensing threshold temperature; and heating the oven to a dispensing temperature to cause the elemental atomic objects to be dispensed from the oven through a dispensing aperture. The dispensing temperature does not exceed the dispensing threshold temperature.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide methods, apparatuses, systems, or computer program products for performing decreased crosstalk atomic object reading/detection. A controller is operatively connected to components of a system comprising a confinement apparatus comprising RF electrodes defining an RF null axis and a plurality of longitudinal electrodes. The components comprise voltage sources and manipulation sources. The controller is configured to cause an atomic object being read and neighboring atomic object(s) to be confined by the confinement apparatus; and cause the voltage sources to provide first control signals to longitudinal electrodes. The first control signals cause the longitudinal electrodes to generate a push field configured to cause one of the atomic object being read or the neighboring atomic object(s) to move off the RF null axis.

Abstract: A quantum system controller configured to perform (near) real-time quantum error correction is provided. The controller comprises a processing device comprising at least one first processing element; a time-indexed command (TIC) sequencer comprising at least one second processing element; and a plurality of driver controller elements configured to control the operation of respective components and associated with respective buffers and processing elements. The processing device is configured to generate commands and the TIC sequencer is configured to cause the time-indexed execution of the commands by the appropriate driver controller elements.

Abstract: A high-voltage semiconductor switch is provided. The high-voltage semiconductor switch comprises one or more switch subcircuits, wherein each switch subcircuit may comprise one or more FET circuits and voltage-shifting transistor. The high-voltage semiconductor switch may be configured based on operational and environmental requirements, such as those of a quantum computing system, wherein the high-voltage switch may be located in a cryostat or vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A controller of a quantum system identifies a phase update trigger for a quantum object of the quantum system and an interaction time. Responsive to identifying the phase update trigger, the controller determines, for between a first time and the interaction time, (a) a location/transport effect on a phase of the quantum object based on locations thereof and transport operations performed thereon, and (b) a quantum operation effect on the phase of the quantum object based on any quantum operations applied thereto. The immediately previous phase update for the quantum object occurred at the first time. Based on the location/transport effect, the quantum operation effect, and the interaction time, the controller determines an interaction time phase of the quantum object. The controller adjusts operation of a manipulation source such that a phase of a signal generated by the manipulation source corresponds to the interaction time phase at the interaction time.

Abstract: Provided is a novel beam delivery system for quantum computing applications that includes a beam delivery photonic integrated circuit on a chip and an optical relay assembly. The beam delivery photonic integrated circuit on a chip may contain one or more layers, and a layer may contain one or more inputs connecting one or more outputs. The optical relay assembly receives a beam or beams from one or more outputs from a layer of the beam delivery photonic integrated circuit. The optical relay assembly focuses each received beam on a corresponding position of an atomic object confinement apparatus.

Abstract: Integrated passive/active modulator units, integrated passive/active modulators comprising one or more units, and corresponding methods of fabrication and use are provided. In an example embodiment, a unit comprises an upstream passive portion comprising a passive waveguide; a downstream passive portion comprising a continuation of the passive waveguide; and an active portion between the upstream passive portion and the downstream passive portion. The active portion comprises an active waveguide and electrical contacts in electrical communication with the active waveguide. The active waveguide comprises an upstream taper and/or a downstream taper. The upstream taper is configured to optically couple the active waveguide to the passive waveguide of the upstream portion and the downstream taper is configured to optically couple the active waveguide to the continuation of the passive waveguide of the downstream portion.

Abstract: An ion trap apparatus (e.g., ion trap chip) having a plurality of electrodes is provided. The ion trap apparatus may comprise a plurality of interconnect layers, a substrate, and at least one integrated switching network layer disposed between the plurality of interconnect layers and the substrate. The integrated switching network layer may comprise a plurality of monolithically-integrated controls and/or switches configured to condition a voltage signal applied to at least one of the plurality of electrodes. An example ion trap apparatus may comprise a surface ion trap chip. The ion trap apparatus may be configured to operate within a cryogenic chamber.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide for instruction compilation for at least one time slice in a one-dimensional quantum computing environment. In this regard, embodiments generate an algorithm swap command set by performing an even-odd transposition sort based on at least an initial qubit position set and a target qubit position set for one or more time slices. The algorithm swap command set may correspond to a qubit manipulation instruction set which can be used to generate a hardware instruction set that, upon execution, efficiently repositions any number of qubits to the target positions for gating.

Abstract: One or more embodiments are directed to establishing electrical connections through silicon wafers with low resistance and high density, while at the same time maintaining processability for further fabrication. Such connections through silicon wafers enable low resistance connections from the top side of a silicon wafer to the bottom side of the silicon wafer.