Abstract: Apparatus for determining stroke volume, cardiac output and systemic inflammation by fuzzy logic combination of features extracted from a voltage measured over the thorax, electrocardiogram and electroencephalogram comprising a) sensor for measuring electroencephalogram; b) sensor for measuring the electrocardiogram; c) calculating the heart rate variability from the electrocardiogram; d) two electrodes (1, 2) for measuring the voltage generated by a constant current generator in two other electrodes (1, 2); e) calculating the area under the curve of voltage for each heart-beat; f) calculating the derivative of the voltage curve; g) calculating the transfer entropy between EEG and ECG; h) combining at least 3 extracted parameters using an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) or any other fuzzy reasoner into a final index of cardiac output; i) combining at least 3 extracted parameters using an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System or any other fuzzy reasoner into a final index of systemic inflammation

Abstract: The present invention consists of an apparatus for the on-line identification of drug effect using drug interactions and physiologic signals, in particular the interaction between anaesthetics and analgesics combined with the electroencephalogram for precise assessment of the level of consciousness in awake, sedated and anaesthetised patients. In a preferred embodiment the apparatus comprises: two infusion devices, for example syring pumps, which are connected to the patient (1) adapted to deliver hypnotics (2) and analgesics (3). The infusion data from the pumps are fed into an interaction model (5); an interaction model characterized by a Neural Network which is adapted to estimate the parameters of the model online and in real-time for drug interaction between anaesthetics and an analgesics, an EEG instrumentation amplifier; a processing unit adapted to calculate an EEG index of the level of consciousness (ELC); a fuzzy logic reasoner adapted to merge extracted EEG parameters into an index.