Abstract: A process for manufacturing a photovoltaic, or a light emitting polymer device, comprises providing a cathode of aluminum, placing the cathode in an inert atmosphere and removing aluminum oxide formed on the aluminum prior to placement thereof in the inert atmosphere. The aluminum is passivated while still in the inert atmosphere by coating the aluminum with a passivation agent to prevent oxidation of the aluminum upon exposure to oxygen. The passivated aluminum is removed from the inert atmosphere and an active layer of a photovoltaic or an electroluminescent material is provided on the passivated aluminum. A valence hole injection layer is then provided over the active layer to form an anode. In one embodiment, the cathode comprises a plurality of electrically isolated cathode cells which are cut from an aluminum sheet or foil and wherein the active layer and valence hole injection layer are printed over the cathode cells.