Abstract: Provided are platforms, systems, and software for verifying a user-agent comprising: a software module configured to transmit a quiz to an unverified user-agent, the quiz comprising at least one user-agent verification question drawn from an inventory of user-agent verification questions; a software module configured to receive a response to the quiz, the response comprising a reported user-agent and a result for each question; and a software module configured to compare each result to a result expected from the reported user-agent to verify the reported user-agent. Also provided are methods of using the same.

Abstract: A method of maintaining multiple routing tables within a global table of a network router including the steps of providing the router with a route table generator to maintain the global table, and a forwarding engine to perform table lookups, the performing of table lookups in one of the multiple routing tables of the global table using a key, the key representing an index into the one of said multiple routing tables within said global table, the key created by combining a virtual private network identification (VPN ID) and an address prefix, and maintaining a plurality of table entries in the global table by using the key as a pointer to one of said table entries.