Abstract: A shock absorber for use in elevators comprising a hollow piston rod connected to a piston which is movable within a cylinder filled with a fluid and having apertures in the cylinder wall for communication with a surrounding cylindrical expansion chamber and means for providing fluid communication with the interior of said piston rod. The hollow piston is forced into the cylinder during operation of the shock absorber thereby forcing fluid into both the cylindrical expansion chamber and the interior of the piston rod.

Abstract: Clamping means are disclosed for connecting the lateral edges of the foot portion of a T-shaped rail to a support in such a manner as to permit limited separation between the rail and the support components while restraining the rail against lateral displacement relative to the support. Each clamping device is formed from a unitary resilient metal blank having a fastening portion secured to the support to prevent lateral displacement of the rail, a resilient blade portion for biasing the rail against the support, and at least one stop portion limiting the extent to which the rail may be separated from the support against the biasing force of the blade portion.