Abstract: The present invention relates to electro-analytical measuring equipment for the determination--by means of one or more measuring cells comprising sensing elements of chemical similar composition, being in constant galvanic contact with each other--of the concentration and ion-activity of solutions or of the partial pressure of gases. The sensing elements are in contact with sample or with one or more standardizing media separated in time or space. At least two reference electrodes are in direct or in indirect contact--through electrolite--with sample and standardizing medium. The reference electrodes join, in a given case, to electronic signal processor comprising arithmetic unit calculating, by fault compensation, value of one or more parameters to be measured.

Abstract: An electro-analytical measuring process and apparatus for the determination of the concentration and the ion-activity of stationary or flowing solutions or of the partial pressure of gases. The measuring cell of the measuring equipment--connected to an electronic signal processor--comprises, in addition to one or several sensing elements and reference electrodes, at least one fluid clutch capable of galvanically short-circuiting one or more parts of the measuring chain. The measuring cell of the measuring equipment comprises, in a given case, integral sensing unit and standardizing media, being in contact with sensing elements. Further, a control unit for programming short-circuiting belongs to the measuring cell, a fault compensating unit producing signals is connected to the control unit--for calculating the value of the parameter to be measured--is connected to the output of the fault compensating unit.

Abstract: A molecule selective sensor has an enzymatically active membrane which is prepared by reacting an enzyme with glutaric aldehyde on the surface of a protein membrane found in nature. Exemplary is the reaction of glucoseoxidase with glutaric aldehyde on the surface of hog intestine membrane.

Abstract: Diagnostic method and sensor device for detecting the location and/or character of lesions in body tissues. Electrodes of different substances are put onto or into a tissue being tested, the electrodes are nearly short-circuited over a measuring device, and the current flowing through the terminals of the electrodes is measured. The measured value of the current is then compared with a control value measured in the same way on a piece of sound tissue. One embodiment of a sensor device that can be applied for the performance of the method comprises a pair of electrodes, made of different materials so as to have different contact potentials, the electrodes being coupled to an electric measuring instrument, e.g. an ammeter, one of the electrodes being a metal tube such as a medical syringe, whereas the other electrode is enveloped by an insulating material and fixed inside the metal tube.

Abstract: Highly sensitive, selective halide and sulfide-sensitive electrodes featuring a sensing block of spherical surface and laminar design compensating for the effect of thermal dilatation and the absence of a liquid junction.