Abstract: A particle accelerator can include a first waveguide portion and a second waveguide portion. The first waveguide portion can include a first plurality of cell portions and a first iris portion that is disposed between two of the first plurality of cell portions. The first iris portion can include a first portion of an aperture such that the aperture is configured to be disposed about a beam axis. The first waveguide portion can further include a first bonding surface. The second waveguide portion can include a second plurality of cell portions and a second iris portion that is disposed between two of the second plurality of cell portions. The second iris portion can include a second portion of the aperture. The second waveguide portion can include a second bonding surface.

Abstract: A particle accelerator can include a first waveguide portion and a second waveguide portion. The first waveguide portion can include a first plurality of cell portions and a first iris portion that is disposed between two of the first plurality of cell portions. The first iris portion can include a first portion of an aperture such that the aperture is configured to be disposed about a beam axis. The first waveguide portion can further include a first bonding surface. The second waveguide portion can include a second plurality of cell portions and a second iris portion that is disposed between two of the second plurality of cell portions. The second iris portion can include a second portion of the aperture. The second waveguide portion can include a second bonding surface.

Abstract: A linear accelerator head for use in a medical radiation therapy system can include a housing, an electron generator configured to emit electrons along a beam path, and a microwave generation assembly. The linear accelerator head may include a waveguide that is configured to contain a standing or travelling microwave. The waveguide can include a plurality of cells that are disposed adjacent one another, wherein each of the plurality of cells may define an aperture configured to receive electrons therethrough. The linear accelerator head can further include a converter and a primary collimator.

Abstract: A particle accelerator can include a first waveguide portion and a second waveguide portion. The first waveguide portion can include a first plurality of cell portions and a first iris portion that is disposed between two of the first plurality of cell portions. The first iris portion can include a first portion of an aperture such that the aperture is configured to be disposed about a beam axis. The first waveguide portion can further include a first bonding surface. The second waveguide portion can include a second plurality of cell portions and a second iris portion that is disposed between two of the second plurality of cell portions. The second iris portion can include a second portion of the aperture. The second waveguide portion can include a second bonding surface.

Abstract: A high gradient linear accelerating structure can propagate high frequency waves at a negative harmonic to accelerate low-energy ions. The linear accelerating structure can provide a gradient of 50 MV/m for particles at a ? of between 0.3 and 0.4. The high gradient structure can be a part of a linear accelerator configured to provide an energy range from an ion source to 450 MeV/u for 12C6+ and 250 MeV for protons. The linear accelerator can include one or more of the following sections: a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator operating at the sub-harmonic of the S-band frequency, a high gradient structure for the energy range from ˜45 MeV/u to ˜450 MeV/u.

Abstract: A particle accelerator can include a first waveguide portion and a second waveguide portion. The first waveguide portion can include a first plurality of cell portions and a first iris portion that is disposed between two of the first plurality of cell portions. The first iris portion can include a first portion of an aperture such that the aperture is configured to be disposed about a beam axis. The first waveguide portion can further include a first bonding surface. The second waveguide portion can include a second plurality of cell portions and a second iris portion that is disposed between two of the second plurality of cell portions. The second iris portion can include a second portion of the aperture. The second waveguide portion can include a second bonding surface.

Abstract: A linear accelerator head for use in a medical radiation therapy system can include a housing, an electron generator configured to emit electrons along a beam path, and a microwave generation assembly. The linear accelerator head may include a waveguide that is configured to contain a standing or travelling microwave. The waveguide can include a plurality of cells that are disposed adjacent one another, wherein each of the plurality of cells may define an aperture configured to receive electrons therethrough. The linear accelerator head can further include a converter and a primary collimator.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to methods and apparatus for cargo inspection and, more particularly, to X-ray based inspection systems providing radiographic imaging and material discrimination with adaptive control of X-ray source dependent upon characteristics of the cargo under inspection. X-rays are generated utilizing a dual energy interlaced betatron by generation of X-ray pulses with lower- and higher-energies during the same betatron acceleration cycle.

Abstract: A linear accelerator head for use in a medical radiation therapy system can include a housing, an electron generator configured to emit electrons along a beam path, and a microwave generation assembly. The linear accelerator head may include a waveguide that is configured to contain a standing or travelling microwave. The waveguide can include a plurality of cells that are disposed adjacent one another, wherein each of the plurality of cells may define an aperture configured to receive electrons therethrough. The linear accelerator head can further include a converter and a primary collimator.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for Compton scattering radiography employing a variable energy X-ray source and a detector capable of detecting the temporal intensity profile of scattered X-ray pulses disposed on one side of an object to be imaged. Based on analysis of the measurement of the instantaneous intensity of the detected photons and the beam position relative to the object, an image is generated. Each voxel can be reconstructed to yield a measure of variation in the density of the material of the object.

Abstract: An X-ray based inspection systems providing radiographic imaging for cargo inspection and material discrimination with adaptive control dependent upon characteristics of the cargo under inspection. A packet of X-ray pulses with controllable packet duration is produced that allows multi-energy material discrimination in a single scan line and real-time adjustment of packet duration to adapt to cargo attenuation. In addition, adaptive dynamic adjustment of the operational characteristic of the detector channels increases the effective dynamic range and as a result increases the penetration and range of thicknesses where material discrimination is possible. The material discrimination technique is applied within a single packet of short pulses of several hundred nanoseconds. Feedback from the detection system is used to control the packet duration of each packet of X-ray pulses in order to adapt scan parameters to the object that is being imaged.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to methods and apparatus for cargo inspection and, more particularly, to X-ray based inspection systems providing radiographic imaging and material discrimination with adaptive control of X-ray source dependent upon characteristics of the cargo under inspection. X-rays are generated utilizing a dual energy interlaced betatron by generation of X-ray pulses with lower- and higher-energies during the same betatron acceleration cycle.

Abstract: A linear accelerator head for use in a medical radiation therapy system can include a housing, an electron generator configured to emit electrons along a beam path, and a microwave generation assembly. The linear accelerator head may include a waveguide that is configured to contain a standing or travelling microwave. The waveguide can include a plurality of cells that are disposed adjacent one another, wherein each of the plurality of cells may define an aperture configured to receive electrons therethrough. The linear accelerator head can further include a converter and a primary collimator.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for Compton scattering radiography employing a variable energy X-ray source and a detector capable of detecting the temporal intensity profile of scattered X-ray pulses disposed on one side of an object to be imaged. Based on analysis of the measurement of the instantaneous intensity of the detected photons and the beam position relative to the object, an image is generated. Each voxel can be reconstructed to yield a measure of variation in the density of the material of the object.

Abstract: A tapering enhanced stimulated superradiant amplification method and system which utilizes a strongly tapered undulator in reaching significant power outputs and conversion efficiencies. TESSA dramatically increases conversion/amplification efficiencies by violently (sharply) decelerating electrons and taking advantage of produced radiation to further drive interaction toward as it takes advantage of produced radiation to further drive interaction to increase overall radiation output. The system and method configures a strongly tapered undulator to operate in a new mode that is above normal input saturation levels to provide an amplified output with unexpectedly high efficiencies and power.

Abstract: A tapering enhanced stimulated superradiant amplification method and system which utilizes a strongly tapered undulator in reaching significant power outputs and conversion efficiencies. TESSA dramatically increases conversion/amplification efficiencies by violently (sharply) decelerating electrons and taking advantage of produced radiation to further drive interaction toward as it takes advantage of produced radiation to further drive interaction to increase overall radiation output. The system and method configures a strongly tapered undulator to operate in a new mode that is above normal input saturation levels to provide an amplified output with unexpectedly high efficiencies and power.

Abstract: An X-ray based inspection systems providing radiographic imaging for cargo inspection and material discrimination with adaptive control dependent upon characteristics of the cargo under inspection. A packet of X-ray pulses with controllable packet duration is produced that allows multi-energy material discrimination in a single scan line and real-time adjustment of packet duration to adapt to cargo attenuation. In addition, adaptive dynamic adjustment of the operational characteristic of the detector channels increases the effective dynamic range and as a result increases the penetration and range of thicknesses where material discrimination is possible. The material discrimination technique is applied within a single packet of short pulses of several hundred nanoseconds. Feedback from the detection system is used to control the packet duration of each packet of X-ray pulses in order to adapt scan parameters to the object that is being imaged.

Abstract: A method for testing the sensitivity of electronic components and circuits against particle and photon beams using plasma acceleration, in which the flexibility of the multifaceted interaction can produce several types of radiation such as electron, proton, ion, neutron and photon radiation, and combinations of these types of radiation, in a wide range of parameters that are relevant to the use of electronic components in space, such as satellites, at high altitudes or in facilities that work with radioactive substances such as nuclear power plants. Relevant radiation parameter ranges are accessible by this method, which are hardly accessible with conventional accelerator technology. Because of the compactness of the procedure and its versatility, radiation testing can be performed in smaller laboratories at relatively low cost.

Abstract: A method of making a magnetic field concentrator, comprising cold rolling a first metal sample that includes dysprosium to a foil having a thickness of between 20 microns and 60 microns; and further annealing the foil at a temperature of between 1000 and 1300 degrees C., for a period of between 10 minutes and 20 minutes. Preferably, annealing the foil takes place in an oxygen-free chamber, where the chamber is made from a material selected from at least one of molybdenum, tantalum, and titanium. Finally, at least a second sheet of annealed foil is produced, and the first and second foils are laminated together to produce a laminated sheet suitable for use as a magnetic field concentrator.

Abstract: A method for testing the sensitivity of electronic components and circuits against particle and photon beams using plasma acceleration, in which the flexibility of the multifaceted interaction can produce several types of radiation such as electron, proton, ion, neutron and photon radiation, and combinations of these types of radiation, in a wide range of parameters that are relevant to the use of electronic components in space, such as satellites, at high altitudes or in facilities that work with radioactive substances such as nuclear power plants. Relevant radiation parameter ranges are accessible by this method, which are hardly accessible with conventional accelerator technology. Because of the compactness of the procedure and its versatility, radiation testing can be performed in smaller laboratories at relatively low cost.