Abstract: The light output intensity of incandescent lamps and LEDs connected to a common lamp power bus are controlled using a composite waveform having two power components: a pulse-width modulated (PWM) component and a direct current DC component. The DC component is maintained below the turn-on voltage for the LEDs. The PWM component controls the light intensity of the LEDs; and the DC component is calculated as a quadrature power series, taking into account that the PWM component contributes to the light intensity of the incandescent lamps. The frequency and slew rate of the PWM component are selected to minimize EMI. A small steady state power component is provided to keep the LEDs slightly turned on to minimize EMI.

Abstract: A power charger which charges and provide conditioned power from at least one of a super-capacitor and a secondary battery. The type of energy device is user selectable, such that the user can select super-capacitors because of their much longer charge/discharge life and low-maintenance requirements, while another user can chose secondary batteries because of their higher stored energy, while a third user may select a combination of the two.