Abstract: The present invention concerns very fast scintillator materials comprising lutetium iodide doped with Cerium (Lu1-xI3:Cex; LuI3:Ce). The LuI3 scintillator material has surprisingly good characteristics including high light output, high gamma ray stopping efficiency, fast response, low cost, good proportionality, and minimal afterglow that the material is useful for gamma ray spectroscopy, medical imaging, nuclear and high energy physics research, diffraction, non-destructive testing, nuclear treaty verification and safeguards, and geological exploration. The timing resolution of the scintillators of the present invention provide compositions capable of resolving the position of an annihilation event within a portion of a human body cross-section.

Abstract: The present invention is a solid state detector that has internal gain and incorporates a special readout technique to determine the input position at which a detected signal originated without introducing any dead space to the active area of the device. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the detector is a silicon avalanche photodiode that provides a two dimensional position sensitive readout for each event that is detected.

Abstract: The present invention is a solid state detector that has internal gain and incorporates a special readout technique to determine the input position at which a detected signal originated without introducing any dead space to the active area of the device. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the detector is a silicon avalanche photodiode that provides a two dimensional position sensitive readout for each event that is detected.

Abstract: Measurement of the amount of a constituent such as glass in a composite structure, by passing neutrons or gamma rays through the structure and measuring the degree to which the neutrons or gamma rays are absorbed.

Abstract: Forming a film by spraying onto a heated substrate an atomized solution containing the appropriate salt of a constituent element of the film and a reducing agent at a concentration greater than 1 M and greater than 10 times the stoichiometric amount of reducing agent.

Abstract: Forming a film by spraying onto a heated substrate an atomized solution containing the appropriate salt of a constituent element of the film and a highly soluble (i.e., greater than 1 M) organic acid in sufficient amount to reduce the oxidation state of at least one solute element of the spray solution after contacting the heated substrate.

Abstract: Forming a film by spraying onto a heated substrate an atomized solution containing the appropriate salt of a constituent element of the film and an agent in sufficient amount to change the oxidation state of at least one solute element of the spray solution after contacting the heated substrate.