Abstract: A method of producing a dry, extruded feed for carnivorous animals containing a large amount of proteinaceous materials, a minor amount of farinaceous materials and up to about 24% fat by weight is disclosed. More specifically, a hard dry high fat feed having excellent particle integrity is extruded under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure without the use of materials to selectively bind the fat to the other food ingredients.

Abstract: A protein-based snack food product and its method of manufacture are disclosed. The process negates the need for carbohydrate, starch or farinaceous ingredients in the product formulation. Yet the product will expand or puff and will maintain its structural integrity during deep fat frying.

Abstract: A system for treating dry protein material in brine solutions comprises a tank for receiving the protein material and brine solution a container having a screened bottom end an agitator inserted through its open upper end for creating a vortex mixing action in the brine solution in which the container is immersed in the brine holding tank.

Abstract: Effective amounts of sulfur in swine feeds will limit feed intake. More particularly, the use of at least about 0.25% sulfur in the feed will negate the need for hand feeding and will accordingly allow the swine to be self-fed.

Abstract: A protein fortified, natural cereal product is disclosed having a protein content above about 20% by weight which comprises a mixture of whole farinaceous grains, flavorants, and sweeteners with a textured vegetable protein material added for the purposes of protein supplementation without undesirable agglomeration of the grain particles and resistance to drying, both of which are normally associated with the addition of a vegetable protein flour to a natural cereal product.

Abstract: A method of completely removing the volatiles in the headspace area of cans, bottles and other sealed containers which comprises inserting first and second penetrating means into the headspace of the sealed container without prematurely releasing the vacuum of the sealed container, passing a carrier gas into the headspace of the sealed container through said first penetrating means and removing the carrier gas and headspace volatiles from the sealed container through said second penetrating means for analysis.

Abstract: An imitation margarine product prepared from a water-in-oil emulsion containing vegetable protein isolates and particularly soy protein isolate, substituted for milk-derived or animal based protein, is prepared by a process which provides a substantially more stable product than like products, especially those containing vegetable protein.

Abstract: This invention relates primarily to innovations in methods of feeding laying hens wherein the hens' nutrient reserves and specialized nutritious feeds are utilized so that a uniform rate of egg production can be maintained at substantial economic savings. More specifically, it concerns a feeding program wherein laying hens are fed a ration with vitamins, minerals and a specific low total crude protein for an effective amount of time to reduce the hens' nutrient reserves without reducing their rate of lay and total feed efficiency. The hens are then fed a ration adequate in total crude protein, vitamins and minerals for the remaining feeding time to replenish the nutrient reserves in an efficient manner while maintaining optimum egg production and other performance characteristics.

Abstract: A process for the air drying of a food material, such as a proteinaceous material, is disclosed wherein the drying air is heated by direct contact with a burner in such a manner that the formation of undesirable residues in the proteinaceous material as a result of combustion products from the burner is substantially reduced. The burner is operated by feeding to it a fuel mixture containing a stoichiometric quantity of air for purposes of combustion to avoid the use of drying air for combustion. The burner is also operated to provide a heat output which is sufficient for drying of the proteinaceous material but which does not exceed 800,000 BTU/hr./lineal ft. of burner. The burner is also shielded from the drying air while operated at the necessary firing rate or heat output to substantially avoid aeration of the flame by the drying air.

Abstract: A method of preparing a protein food product having an arrangement of helically aligned protein layers is disclosed wherein an aqueous slurry of a proteinaceous material is frozen by conveying said slurry through an extruder equipped to provide a freezing zone in order to form ice crystal layers in said slurry which mold the protein material of the slurry into striated layers arranged in the form of a helix. The frozen extruded product is then heat set at a temperature sufficiently high to allow the protein layers to heat set and melt the ice crystal layers to form a protein food product. The resultant product has an improved degree of toughness because of "cross structuring" of the protein layers which is an inherent effect of the helix arrangement of the protein layers in the product.

Abstract: A composition for slowly releasing a veterinary medicament in a ruminant animal is described. The composition comprises a water-insoluble and water resistant binder a therapeutically active substance and a critical water-insoluble controlled release agent. The process of the invention includes the steps of adding a solution of a water-insoluble binder dissolved in an organic solvent to a mixture of a therapeutically active substance and a water-insoluble dense filler, stirring the mixture until free flowing granules are formed, drying the granules, blending the dried granules with a lubricant and a water insoluble controlled release agent and compressing the mixture into convenient veterinary dosage forms. When the veterinary composition is orally administered to a ruminant animal it remains in the animal's body for a desired period of time and the therapeutically active substance contained therein is released in a predictable and controllable pattern.

Abstract: A pet feeder which readily converts from a solid feeder to a liquid feeder. The feeder has only two physically distinct members; i.e., a feeding tray and a container which is adaptable to holding and delivering to the feeding tray either flowable solid or liquid material.

Abstract: A synergistically effective composition with improved odor abatement properties has been devised which comprises a mixture of an enzyme, preferably a proteolytic enzyme, and a ferrous salt composition. The composition is particularly effective in reducing noxious odors emanating from waste materials by spreading the composition over the waste material. It also provides a process for the effective control of animal waste odors in commercial animal raising operations such as cattle feedlots, swine parlors, poultry operations, or the like, without affecting the usefulness of the waste material as fertilizer.

Abstract: Microcrystalline chitin is prepared by subjecting chitin to controlled acid hydrolysis and high shear while suspended in an aqueous medium.

Abstract: A simulated bone of improved hardness and color is provided having as a structural matrix a white, unpuffed farinaceous mixture, in which the fat content of the matrix is controlled to below about 7% by weight, and the moisture content to between about 5 and 12% by weight thereby imparting a shear value to the matrix which is greater than 250 pounds.

Abstract: A method of artificially inseminating female shrimp with mature ovaries is disclosed wherein the fertilization rate of the eggs is increased and regulated. More specifically, a method of artificially inseminating shrimp is disclosed whereby female shrimp with mature eggs or ovaries and male shrimp with mature spermatophores are selected from those caught in the ocean or raised in a culture pond. The mature spermatophore of the male shrimp is removed, the sperm mass is collected from the spermatophore, and is attached to the female shrimp to effectively fertilize the mature eggs upon spawning in sea water.

Abstract: Coffee whitener compositions containing soy protein isolate will exhibit substantial resistance to "feathering" or oil separation in hot coffee provided that the soy is used in combination with caseinate. The caseinate is present in an amount of at least 0.9% based on the dry weight of the coffee whitener composition. Furthermore, by carefully correlating the combined amount of the soy and caseinate in the coffee whitener compositon with the relative ratio of soy:caseinate, the characteristic "feathering" from soy protein isolate is eliminated.

Abstract: The instant process describes a process for production of a protein food product by placing an aqueous proteinaceous slurry in a magnetic field and freezing the slurry to align the ice crystal layers generally in a manner which corresponds to the lines of force around the magnetic poles of the magnet. The ice crystal layers formed in this manner mold the protein layers in corresponding fashion and produce a protein structure upon heat setting which is highly simulative of a number of desirable food products. Alignment of the ice crystal layers of the magnetic field is remarkably uniform and consistently reproducible.

Abstract: A process of continuously forming pH modified protein filaments from a proteinaceous material is disclosed wherein an aqueous slurry of the proteinaceous material is formed having a proteinaceous solids content of between about 0.5 and 35% by weight. Discrete filaments are formed by conducting the slurry under pressure through a heat exchange zone and heating the slurry to a temperature which is above 240.degree. F. whereby the protein is subjected to such temperature for a sufficient period of time so that elongated filaments are thereafter separated from the remaining constituents of the slurry. The heated slurry is then continuously removed from said heat exchange zone through a back pressure creating orifice whereby discharge of said filaments from the heat exchange zone to a collecting zone is controlled by confining the stream of said filaments to within a total angle of between about 4.degree. and 90.degree..