Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to beads, methods of making said beads, and methods of functionalizing said beads with one or more functional groups to form functionalized beads, such as universal functionalized beads, wherein the functional group can be a chemical group. In some embodiments, the beads can be gel beads.

Abstract: Methods of detecting biologicals in samples is provided herein. The detection is based on the formation of aggregates. The disclosed compositions include labeling particles and/or aggregating particles. The labeling particles and the aggregating particles may each include a receptor bound to the particle. The receptor can be either directly attached to the particle or indirectly attached to the particle through a linker. One method of detection may be visual and another may include advanced quantification of the formed aggregates.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides amphiphilic fluorinated surfactant molecules for lowering the surface tension of aqueous, hydrocarbon, or solid phases in the presence of a fluorophilic continuous phase and for selectively interacting with biological and/or chemical molecules.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to synthesizing and using fluid-insoluble material complexes that capture biologicals and remove them from samples in microscopic scale fluids, such as in droplets, wells, and micro-wells. The present invention also pertains to the option of detecting the captured biologicals, to the option of modifying the captured biologicals, and to the option of controllably releasing the captured biologicals.

Abstract: Material complexes that capture biologicals and methods of synthesizing and using such complexes composed of fluid-insoluble material and a receptor are provided herewith. The fluid-insoluble material has reactive functionality on its surface, including hydroxyl, amino, mercapto or eposy functionality material. The material can be agarose, sand, textile, or any combination thereof. The receptor is selected from the group consisting of mono-and poly-saccharides, heparin, or any combination thereof. Also provide are methods whereby releasing the captured biologicals and is controllable.

Abstract: Methods of detecting biologicals in samples is provided herein. The detection is based on the formation of aggregates. The disclosed compositions include labeling particles and/or aggregating particles. The labeling particles and the aggregating particles may each include a receptor bound to the particle. The receptor can be either directly attached to the particle or indirectly attached to the particle through a linker. One method of detection may be visual and another may include advanced quantification of the formed aggregates.

Abstract: Material complexes that capture biologicals and methods of synthesizing and using such complexes composed of fluid-insoluble material and a receptor are provided herewith. The fluid-insoluble material has reactive functionality on its surface, including hydroxyl, amino, mercapto or epoxy functionality material. The material can be agarose, sand, textile, or any combination thereof. The receptor is selected from the group consisting of mono- and poly-saccharides, heparin, or any combination thereof. Also provided are methods whereby releasing the captured biologicals is controllable.

Abstract: Methods of detecting biologicals in samples is provided herein. The detection is based on the formation of aggregates. The disclosed compositions include labeling particles and/or aggregating particles. The labeling particles and the aggregating particles may each include a receptor bound to the particle. The receptor can be either directly attached to the particle or indirectly attached to the particle through a linker. One method of detection may be visual and another may include advanced quantification of the formed aggregates.