Abstract: A network device and a packet replication method are provided. The network device includes a classification engine, a forwarding engine, and a packet replication device. The packet replication device includes an interface circuit, a replication control circuit, and a storage unit. The interface circuit retrieves a packet of a flow from the forwarding engine and correspondingly outputs a replicated packet to the replication control circuit. The replication control circuit calculates a current rate corresponding to the replicated packet, checks a flow table for a cumulative number of replicated packets of the flow, and determines, according to the current rate and the cumulative number of replicated packets, to forward the replicated packet. The storage unit stores the flow table. The replication control circuit transmits the replicated packet to at least one application engine through at least one communication port for security inspection.

Abstract: A Real-Time Clock (RTC) block configured to output a current time as part of an ASIC configuration that guarantees that the RTC can never be rolled back beyond a checkpointed date and time. A checkpoint memory block is coupled to the RTC block and configured to include a stored active date/time checkpoint, and a set RTC logic block is coupled to the checkpoint memory block and to the RTC block and configured to permit setting the RTC block to an asserted new time request only when the asserted new time is in the future relative to the stored active date/time checkpoint. The active date/time checkpoint is stored in a non-volatile, single-write memory location such as in a one-time programmable (OTP) memory or in a bank of fuses so that the stored active date/time checkpoint is maintained whether or not power is interrupted to the checkpoint memory block.

Abstract: An uplink data transmission method includes a report procedure. The report procedure includes: obtaining a start page number according to a page queue header of a page queue, where the page queue has a plurality of page records in sequence, the start page number corresponds to one of the page records, each of the page records includes a page size, and the page size is a sum of data sizes of packets corresponding to the page record; summing the page size of the page record corresponding to the start page number and the page size of each of the subsequent page records one by one to calculate a first sum result; and outputting the first sum result as a report size.

Abstract: A packet forwarding device and a queue management method are provided. The queue management method is applicable to a plurality of priority queues each associated with a different transmission priority. The queue management method includes: allocating at least one buffer from a free buffer pool to each of the priority queues; monitoring a number of dropped packets of an observation queue of the priority queues; and increasing a number of buffers for the observation queue and decreasing a number of buffers for at least one of the priority queues which has a lower transmission priority than the observation queue, according to the number of dropped packets.

Abstract: A Media Access Control address (MAC) learning method includes: parsing out packet header and packet verification parameter of a packet from an input/output port; generating a port identifier corresponding to the input/output port; starting first-stage procedure for the packet header; and starting second-stage procedure for the packet verification parameter. The first-stage procedure includes: performing, according to a MAC forwarding table and the port identifier, learning processing for source MAC address of the packet header to generate learning result; generating status parameter according to the learning result; and associating and storing the status parameter, the port identifier, and a hash address corresponding to the source MAC address into a memory.

Abstract: A wireless backhaul network for bridging a neighboring network and a network device includes: a plurality of access points; a root node utilized for communicating with the neighboring network and at least a portion of the access points; a bridge node utilized for communicating with the network device and at least a portion of the access points; and a controller node utilized for communicating with the root node, the bridge node, and at least a portion of the access points. The controller node selects a first subset of the access points as backhaul nodes to form a first wireless backhaul path in a first period, and dynamically selects a different second subset of the access points as new backhaul nodes to form a second wireless backhaul path in a second period, so as to replace the first wireless backhaul path.

Abstract: A wireless backhaul network for bridging a neighboring network and a network device includes: a plurality of access points; a root node utilized for communicating with the neighboring network and at least a portion of the access points; a bridge node utilized for communicating with the network device and at least a portion of the access points; and a controller node utilized for communicating with the root node, the bridge node, and at least a portion of the access points. The controller node selects a first subset of the access points as backhaul nodes to form a first wireless backhaul path in a first period, and dynamically selects a different second subset of the access points as new backhaul nodes to form a second wireless backhaul path in a second period, so as to replace the first wireless backhaul path.

Abstract: A wireless mesh network includes: a source wireless node, a destination wireless node, and one or more neighboring wireless nodes. The source wireless node is arranged to operably communicate in both a first frequency band and a second frequency band. The destination wireless node is arranged to operably communicate in both the first frequency band and the second frequency band. Each neighboring wireless node is arranged to operably communicate in both the first frequency band and the second frequency band. The source wireless node measures a received signal strength in a first frequency band, a rate of change of received signal strength of the first frequency band, and a rate of change of received signal strength of the second frequency band, and dynamically configures a data routing path from the source wireless node to the destination wireless node according to the measured results.

Abstract: A wireless communication circuit includes: a physical-layer circuit, arranged to operably communicate with other wireless communication devices through an antenna; a micro-controller, arranged to operably generate data frames to be transmitted to other wireless communication devices; and a MAC-layer circuit comprising: a MAC-layer storage circuit for storing a data queue; a MAC-layer control circuit, coupled with the physical-layer circuit, the micro-controller, and the MAC-layer storage circuit, arranged to temporarily store the data frames generated by the micro-controller in the data queue; and a scheduling circuit, coupled with the MAC-layer storage circuit and the MAC-layer control circuit, arranged to operably schedule a timing that the MAC-layer control circuit transmits data stored in the data queue to the physical-layer circuit.

Abstract: A wireless communication circuit includes: a physical-layer circuit, arranged to operably communicate with other wireless communication devices through an antenna; a micro-controller, arranged to operably generate data frames to be transmitted to other wireless communication devices; and a MAC-layer circuit comprising: a MAC-layer storage circuit for storing a data queue; a MAC-layer control circuit, coupled with the physical-layer circuit, the micro-controller, and the MAC-layer storage circuit, arranged to temporarily store the data frames generated by the micro-controller in the data queue; and a scheduling circuit, coupled with the MAC-layer storage circuit and the MAC-layer control circuit, arranged to operably schedule a timing that the MAC-layer control circuit transmits data stored in the data queue to the physical-layer circuit.

Abstract: Communication traffic processing architectures and methods are disclosed. Processing load on main Central Processing Units (CPUs) can be alleviated by offloading data processing tasks to separate hardware. In one implementation, a processing architecture includes a main processor configured to execute a first portion of a driver software to perform protocol control and management task associated with control or management packets in a packet-based protocol according to which packets are received from a device, an offload processor configured to execute a second portion of the driver software to perform data processing task for data packets received according to the packet-based protocol, an interface to enable communication with the device, and an interconnect coupled to the main processor, to the offload subsystem, and to the interface.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a video pipeline comprising: a video processor operable to output at least an image processing parameter and at least an encoding parameter according to one or both of at least one parameter and at least one instruction from a domain outside the video pipeline; an image signal processor operable to turn image raw data into lower resolution video data and video data according to the at least one image processing parameter; a streaming conversion circuit operable to convert the video data into converted data; and an encoder operable to encode video data and encode the converted data according to the at least one encoding parameter.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an image frame processing method for processing a plurality of input image frames with an image processing device. An embodiment of the method comprises: receiving a plurality of input image frames; and processing the plurality of input image frames to produce a first number of first output image frames and a second number of second output image frames, in which the resolution of the first output image frames is higher than the resolution of the second output image frames and the first number is less than the second number, wherein a first frame of the first output image frames and a second frame of the second output image frames are derived from the same one of the plurality of input image frames.

Abstract: Systems and methods for FEC encoding, for example for 10GEPON are provided. For the upstream or downstream, multiple FEC encoding and decoding profiles are implemented that include various levels of FEC encoding. Then, for a given ONU, a selection between these FEC encoding profiles is made. The OLT can instruct the ONU which FEC encoding profile to use for upstream, and which FEC decoding profile to use for downstream.

Abstract: Communication traffic processing architectures and methods are disclosed. Processing load on main Central Processing Units (CPUs) can be alleviated by offloading data processing tasks to separate hardware.