Abstract: Several versions of ceramic bushing/s consisting local heating element/s integrated in apparatus for manufacturing mineral/basalt fibers from natural basalt rocks have been designed based on alternatives to Pt/Pt-Rd bushings approach. The ceramic bushing/s having local heating element/s concept promotes minimization or complete replacement of platinum group metals from the process of continuous basalt fiber manufacturing. More specifically, the invention discloses ceramic bushing/s comprising in combination apparatus are designed for manufacturing continuous mineral (basalt) fibers from 7 to 20 micrometers (?m), and also the coarse fibers from 20 ?m to 100 micrometers (?m) in amorphous structural state which exhibit flexible/ductile properties.

Abstract: A reinforcement for concrete elements, comprising at least one elongated string formed of a smaller number of single fiber filaments which, when embedded in a matrix, form a fiber string, the exterior surface of which being coated with a particle shaped material, such as for example sand. The reinforcement comprises at least one or more loops, formed by repeatedly winding of said fiber string and that said loop(s) preferably are closed or laid in a continuous wind, the ends of the loops or the wind function as an end anchor for the reinforcement in the concrete element. A reinforcement system based on the reinforcement is also described. In addition, a method for fabricating such reinforcement system and a method for using such reinforcement system is also described.