Abstract: An artificial ice structure for use as, for example, a base for oilfield operations or a road, is constructed in an offshore frigid environment where the water is covered by a sheet of floating ice. A berm or dike enclosing a predetermined area is built on the ice sheet to contain flood water and a trench is cut through the ice sheet around the perimeter of the dike to separate the predetermined area from the parent ice sheet and thereby form an island. The island of predetermined area is flooded with water and the water is allowed to freeze and weight the island down until essentially the entire ice mass of the island is resting on the ground underlying the body of water. After the structure is grounded, flooding with water is continued until the island has sufficient mass, in combination with other defensive measures, to resist the forces imposed by movement of the surrounding fast ice.

Abstract: The addition of an organic base to a functional fluid containing a perhalometallic or perhalometalloidic salt maintains the pH of the fluid greater than 7 and thereby stabilizes the antierosion properties of the fluid.

Abstract: In a gas purification process wherein hydrogen sulfide is adsorbed by an alkanolamine solution in an absorption zone and desorbed in a regenerating column, the improvement comprising reducing corrosion in the overhead section of the column by introducing into the overhead section of the regenerating column an effective amount of ammonia scrubber bottoms liquid.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide and sulfur oxides are removed from catalyst regenerator flue gas in an FCC system using a nonzeolitic cracking catalyst and sulfur from the flue gas is shifted to form hydrogen sulfide, which is recovered in the gases removed from the cracking reactor in the system by reacting carbon monoxide in the regenerator flue gas with oxygen in contact with a particulate carbon monoxide combustion promoter, reacting sulfur oxides in the regenerator flue gas with particulate alumina physically mixed with the nonzeolitic catalyst to form a sulfur-containing solid, and forming hydrogen sulfide in the cracking reactor by contacting the sulfur-containing solid with the hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: A discharge spout tip for a fuel-dispensing nozzle wherein the outlet end of the tip has a cross-sectional area approximately equal to that of the discharge spout inwardly of the tip and wherein the tip has a downwardly sloping, upper surface for deflecting fuel flowing through the outlet end of the tip in a generally downward direction at an effective angle of deflection from the center line of the discharge spout so that the fuel flow is directed away from the upper surface of the fill pipe in order to prevent the formation of a liquid barrier in the fill pipe. By reducing or eliminating the liquid barrier in the fill pipe, the likelihood of occurrence of a spitback or spill is reduced. The fuel-deflecting surface of the tip may be formed by positioning a wedge-shaped projection on the upper surface of the tip, and alternately, the upper surface of the tip itself may slope downwardly from a point on said discharge spout to form a fuel-deflecting surface.

Abstract: N-carbamylalkyl-2,6-dialkyl-.alpha.-haloacetanilides have herbicidal activity, particularly in pre-emergent applications against grassy weeds.

Abstract: Thiol impurities are absorbed and removed from hydrocarbon oils by contacting the oil in the absence of molecular oxygen with a scavenger at a temperature in the range of about 120.degree. to 400.degree. C. The scavenger is a composite having a copper component and an inorganic porous carrier component and having a surface area in the range 20 to 1000 square meters per gram. The contacting must be discontinued when the thiol impurity content of the effluent product exceeds about 0.3 ppm.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide and sulfur oxides are removed from flue gas produced in a catalyst regenerator in an FCC system and sulfur from the flue gas is shifted to form hydrogen sulfide, which is recovered in the gases removed from the cracking reactor in the system by introducing sufficient molecular oxygen into the catalyst regenerator to provide an atmosphere therein having a molecular oxygen concentration of at least 0.1 volume percent, reacting carbon monoxide in the regenerator flue gas with oxygen in contact with a particulate carbon monoxide combustion promoter physically admixed with the cracking catalyst, reacting sulfur oxides in the regenerator flue gas with silica-free alumina included as a discrete phase in the FCC catalyst to form a sulfur-containing solid in the catalyst, and forming hydrogen sulfide in the cracking reactor by contacting the sulfur-containing solid with the hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: A sealing ring assembly is disclosed for use in sealing the annular gap between two concentric cylindrical members, one of the members having an annular groove and the other member having a surface opposed to the groove. Deformable seal material and a radially expansible-contractible non-deformable split retaining ring are located in the groove, the seal material engaging one surface of the retaining ring and the retaining ring being positioned on one of the sidewalls of the groove. The seal material and the retaining ring extend radially to the surface of the other cylindrical member, the retaining ring being sized to elastically compress against that surface. The surface of the retaining ring facing the seal material is beveled or chamfered along a portion or all of its width, the beveled surface extending inwardly to the inner edge of the retaining ring.

Abstract: A process for producing a lactone-substituted aniline wherein a 3-halo-tetrahydro-2-oxofuran is reacted with an aniline in the presence of water and a base at a temperature between 80.degree. and 160.degree. C. and wherein the base is added at a sufficiently slow rate so that the pH does not exceed about 7.5.

Abstract: A "red-alert" end condition digital signal is generated by a transponder system of the present invention formed essentially of MSI's (Medium Scale Integrated Chips) including an oscillator/ripple counter controlling a coded analog multiplexer network in circuit with a RTL compatible gate/driver circuit. The aforementioned system both is initiated by and is in power dependent relationship with a MARK-SPACE interrogation signal and has special utility in digitally monitoring product "overflow" conditions in source/product storage tank networks associated with an oil refinery and/or a chemical complex.

Abstract: A product useful as a pour point depressant which comprises the asphaltene component of a thermally treated shale oil is disclosed, as is a process for making it, a method for using it and a concentrate and a composition containing it.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is aliphatic hydrocarbyl, alicyclic hydrocarbyl or aryl suitably substituted, if desired, or a heterocyclic group, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or alkyl, R.sup.2 is alkyl or alkoxy, R.sup.3 is ##STR2## wherein a is 0 or 1, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or CW'.sub.3, the W' being hydrogen or halogen, Z is halogen and X is halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, acetoxy, carbethoxyalkoxy, phenoxy, alkylthio, carbethoxyalkylthio, phenylthio, phosphono, dithiophosphonoxy, phosphoramido, isocyanato, isothiocyanato, alkyl- and dialkylthiocarbamoylthio, alkyl- and dialkylcarbamoyloxy, alkylsulfonyl, etc., have herbicidal activity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lubricating oil additive composition which imparts improved oxidation properties to internal combustion engine crankcase lubricants which comprises:(1) an antioxidant selected from aromatic or alkyl sulfides and polysulfides, sulfurized olefins, sulfurized carboxylic acid esters and sulfurized ester-olefins, and(2) an oil-soluble chlorinated hydrocarbon containing at least 6 carbon atoms.Lubricating oil compositions containing this additive composition are also disclosed. Particularly preferred are compositions which also contain an oil-soluble zinc salt.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for reducing the fouling in a heat exchanger in which a hydrocarbon stream is heated or cooled as it passes through the heat exchanger. From 1 to 500 parts per million of a polyalkylene amine is added to the stream to reduce fouling.

Abstract: Refrigeration or heat pump apparatus containing working fluid consisting essentially of refrigerant and lubricant, said refrigerant being a halo-substituted hydrocarbon of 1 to 3 carbon atoms and preferably at least 40% by weight fluorine, and said lubricant being mineral lubricating oil, poly-alpha-olefin lubricating oil, synthetic alkylbenzene lubricating oil or mixtures thereof containing the combination of higher fatty acid and arylphosphate in a minor amount, sufficient to improve the wear-inhibiting properties of said lubricant and to improve the resistance of said lubricant to decomposition.

Abstract: The amount of NO.sub.x formed during regeneration of a cracking catalyst in the presence of a metallic carbon monoxide combustion catalyst is decreased without substantially adversely affecting the carbon monoxide combustion activity of the promoter by subjecting the combustion-promoting catalyst to steam treatment prior to employing it in the cracking catalyst regeneration operation.

Abstract: A catalyst composition having an intrinsic surface area above about 60 square meters per gram as measured by the BET nitrogen adsorption method, said catalyst comprising from about 1 to 30 weight percent of a finely divided silica component, and from about 1 to 99 weight percent of a hydrogenating component comprising copper in either elemental or compound form and zinc oxide.

Abstract: A continuous process is disclosed for the retorting of shale and other similar hydrocarbon-containing solids of a broad particle size distribution in which the solids to be retorted are introduced into an upper portion of an elongated vessel with a solid heat transfer material at an elevated temperature. The hydrocarbon-containing solids and heat transfer material, a portion of each being fluidized, pass downwardly through the retort under substantially plug-flow conditions, countercurrent to an upwardly flowing stripping gas. Retorted solids and heat transfer material are withdrawn from the bottom of the retort vessel and a product stream of hydrocarbon vapors mixed with stripping gas is recovered overhead.

Abstract: Suspended droplets of oil are separated from a waste water stream by the method and apparatus of the present invention. The oil and water mixture is injected into a partially submerged, vertical pipe. Gas bubbles injected into the lower end of the pipe, rise through the pipe and countercurrently contact the suspended oil droplets, thereby promoting the separation of the droplets from the waste water. The oil droplets coalesce and form a separate oil layer on top of the waste water which is readily withdrawn while clarified waste water is discharged from the lower end of the pipe. If employed to separate oil from a waste water stream on an offshore rig, the vertical pipe is submerged adjacent to the rig.