Abstract: Lithographic exposure tool and method for operating thereof that includes modification of the tool (assessed based on the measurements of geometrical distortions caused, in the tool, by the exposure process and used to train the exposure tool) to ensure that such geometrical distortions are reduced for any chosen exposure process. The method includes processing first data (representing distortions caused by initial exposure run(s)) to estimate second data representing distortions that would occur for another exposure run); and forming a modified exposure tool by changing at least one of a) a geometrical path is a path along which the workpiece stage is repositioned during the operation of the exposure tool; b) one or more of a presence, position, orientation, size and shape of an optical component of an optical projection sub-system of the optical system of the exposure tool; and c) a parameter of scanning synchronization of the exposure tool.

Abstract: A circuit structure includes an annular conductor, a conductive via and at least one extension conductor. The annular conductor extends along a direction. The conductive via is disposed in the annular conductor and extending along the direction. The at least one extension conductor is electrically connected to at least one end of the annular conductor and extending toward the conductive via.

Abstract: A device and method are proved for transferring a target from a first location to a second location. The target is bound to solid phase substrate to form a target bound solid phase substrate. The device includes transfer surface for receiving the target bound solid phase substrate thereon for transfer. The transfer surface movable between a first position wherein the transfer surface is aligned with the first location and spaced therefrom by a distance and a second position wherein the transfer surface is aligned with the second location. An alignment structure aligns the transfer surface with respect to the second location, with the transfer surface in the second position. A force is movable between an attraction position wherein the target bound solid phase substrate are drawn toward the transfer surface and a discharge position wherein the target bound solid phase substrate are free of the force.

Abstract: Cyclic nitroxide compounds including, but not limited to, compounds having the general formula I: wherein the dashed line and R1-R8 are as defined herein, are disclosed herein for use in treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory tract and/or respiratory tract remodeling.

Abstract: The method for doping Mg with Ni includes cold-rolling the Mg material and then cold-spraying with Ni powder, and preferably further cold rolling the Ni-coated Mg to achieve the final Ni-doped Mg material. Preferably the Mg material is cold rolled for about 300 passes and the final Ni-doping concentration is about 5 wt. %.

Abstract: A method for producing a manifold is disclosed, wherein an additive manufacturing process is used to produce the manifold.

Abstract: A communication method in a wireless communication system includes receiving, by a resonator unit of a first signal transfer apparatus, a wireless signal transmitted from a transmission apparatus, acquiring resonance energy from the wireless signal using at least one of a matcher unit and the resonator unit of the first signal transfer apparatus, transferring the wireless signal to one end of a transmission line via the matcher unit of the first signal transfer apparatus using the acquired resonance energy, transferring the wireless signal to a second signal transfer apparatus connected to an opposite end of the transmission line, and transmitting the wireless signal to a reception apparatus having a wireless link established with the second signal transfer apparatus using a matcher unit and a resonator unit of the second signal transfer apparatus.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for opening a workspace inside a lumen of a living creature are disclosed. Anchors may be affixed to opposite ends of the workspace. An extender may be distance anchors apart while they are affixed to the walls of the workspace. Distancing the anchors may unfold and/or stretch the lumen in the region of the workspace.

Abstract: This invention provides novel indole, indazole, benzimidazole, benzotriazole, indoline, quinolone, isoquinoline, and carbazole selective androgen receptor degrader (SARD) compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and uses thereof in treating hyperproliferations of the prostate including pre-malignancies and benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, advanced prostate cancer, castration resistant prostate cancer, other AR-expressing cancers, androgenic alopecia or other hyper androgenic dermal diseases, Kennedy's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and uterine fibroids, and to methods for reducing the levels (through degradation) and/or activity (through inhibition) of any androgen receptor including androgen receptor-full length (AR-FL) including pathogenic and/or resistance mutations, AR-splice variants (AR-SV), and pathogenic polyglutamine (polyQ) polymorphisms of AR in a subject.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in detecting and delivering neurochemical signals, electrophysiological signals, ions, or combinations thereof within a mammal. For example, systems that can include one or more implantable devices containing probes configured to detect neurochemical signals (e.g., neurotransmitter concentrations), electrical signals, ions, or combinations thereof and one or more implantable devices containing electrodes and/or microfluidic delivery components configured to deliver neurochemical signals (e.g., neurotransmitters), electrical signals, ions, or combinations thereof to one or more locations within a mammal are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stent having a functional material coated on a cell space (safe coating space) thereof. The stent of the present invention, as a stent having a space for mounting and coating drugs and other materials for expanding the functions of the stent, is highly feasible as an actual product in consideration of the structure, transfer device, and manufacturing process of the stent as a whole, and secures a coating space (safe coating space) of a functional material in a cell of the stent through quantitative and qualitative modelling. Since an additional increase in volume does not occur even when the stent is press-mounted in a transfer device as a result of mounting a radio marker or a drug in the coating space, the stent of the present invention has excellent radio opacity without obstructing the loading and deployment of the stent, and may stably mount a great amount of a functional drug.

Abstract: A lubricated mechanical polishing (LMP) process is provided that uses hard nanoparticles of less than 5 nm diameter dispersed in a fluid lubricant as a polishing slurry to produce an ultra-smooth surface on a hard metallic or non-metallic substrate with a sub-nanometer surface roughness substantially less than that produced by silica chemical mechanical polishing.

Abstract: Provided herein are a method and apparatus for controlling the wavelength of an external-cavity wavelength-tunable laser. The reflectivity or transmittance characteristics of a wavelength depend on the phase difference between light reflected by a wavelength-tunable filter and parasitic reflective light. Thus, when the temperature of a module and current applied to a phase control electrode and an external reflector are changed, the characteristics are changed in a periodic manner. The present disclosure relates to a wavelength control algorithm of determining combinations of these parameters to set conditions having optimum chirping characteristics at a desired wavelength.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus of detecting a distributed reflection denial of service attack, including: a monitoring unit obtaining flow information including an IP and a port number of a source, an IP and a port number of a destination of data, and the number and the sizes of packets; a memory unit storing a flow table in which the flow information of the data, the packet number and the packet size are input; and a control unit detecting the DRDoS attack by using at least one of the number and the size of packets of the first entry and the flow information of the first entry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to: a novel Pichia kudriavzevii microorganism NG7 showing heat resistance and acid resistance; a composition, for producing organic acid or alcohol, which comprises the microorganism and a culture of the same; and a method, for producing an organic acid or alcohol, which comprises culturing the microorganism.

Abstract: New adhesives and methods for preparing them are disclosed that include polylactic acid irradiated with gamma radiation, such as by a Co60 source. Irradiation times are used that improve the characteristics of the adhesive materials. Generally, the dose of radiation is from about 5 kGy to about 200 kGy of gamma irradiation. The adhesives generally have melting temperatures in the range of at least about 140 to about 148° C. such that they can be conveniently used in conventional glue guns and other glue equipment. The disclosed adhesives can provide bond strengths in the range of about 1,600 psi or more to about 2,500 psi or more. The disclosed adhesives can include a crosslinking agents. They can be used to join a wide range of substrates including wood, metal, plastic, ceramic, glass or combinations of substrates. They can be conveniently prepared by heating a polylactic acid (polylactic acid) preparation and mixing the molten polylactic acid with one or more crosslinkers when present.

Abstract: In this work, a hydrophilic, yet slippery solid surface was developed. Because the surfaces are hydrophilic, there is significant affinity between the surface and contacting water, which results in substantial spreading of the contacting liquids on the surface. Due to their strong affinity, a high solid-liquid adhesion having virtually no mobility of the water on the surface occurs. However, counter-intuitively, the disclosed surfaces are highly slippery such that liquids can slide on the surface while maintaining their hydrophilicity. Demonstrated herein are water droplets that can slide on the surface under its own weight, when the hydrophilic, yet slippery solid surface is slightly tilted (?=3°). This indicates that the disclosed hydrophilic surfaces are slippery to water.

Abstract: A method and a sensing device are provided. The sensing device may include a readout circuit, a bulk, a holding element and a heterojunction bipolar transistor; wherein heterojunction bipolar transistor is configured to generate detection signals responsive to a temperature of at least a portion of the heterojunction bipolar transistor; wherein the holding element is configured to support the heterojunction bipolar transistor; wherein the heterojunction bipolar transistor is thermally isolated from the bulk; wherein the readout circuit is electrically coupled to the heterojunction bipolar transistor; and wherein the readout circuit is configured to receive the detection signals and to process the detection signals to provide information about electromagnetic radiation that affected the temperature of the at least portion of the heterojunction bipolar transistor.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for detecting a translocation. The apparatus acquires BAM for a first pair of chromosomes and a second pair of chromosomes. Also, the apparatus detects a translocation generated in at least one chromosome by selecting at least one translocation case corresponding to the translocation information produced on the basis of BAM from among multiple translocation cases in which a translocation may be generated in at least one of the first and the second chromosomes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel-cell system. This system includes an anode electrode; a cathode electrode; a separator positioned between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, wherein the separator is not an ion exchange membrane; an anode catalyst; and a cathode catalyst, wherein the cathode catalyst is a non-precious metal catalyst or metal-free catalyst. The present invention also relates to a method of generating energy from crude fuel. This method involves providing a fuel-cell system and contacting the fuel-cell system with a crude fuel under conditions effective to generate energy from the crude fuel.