Abstract: Abstract of the Disclosure The invention relates to a filter tow made from crimped endless cellulose acetate filaments, whereby the filaments form at least two connected fibre bundles with the same filament titre of at least 600 filaments. The filament titres differ from bundle to bundle by at least 1 dtex Furthermore a filter tow is disclosed with a crimp ratio of more than 40%, said filaments comprising at least 22 crimp turns per filament length.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for improving the colour index of cellulose esters especially consisting of cellulose acetate. According to the inventive method, a delignified eucalyptus pulp is subjected to a preliminary treatment in order to remove pigments or chromophoric substances, and the process-modified eucalyptus pulp obtained is converted into cellulose esters in a conventional manner. The inventive method is characterized in that a delignified eucalyptus pulp having a cellulose content of more than approximately 80 wt. % and a pentosan content of more than approximately 1 wt. % is extracted by means of a solvent which dissolves oligomer pentosans but not the pulp of the delignified eucalyptus pulp, especially at a temperature of up to approximately 200 ° C. and a pressure of up to approximately 30 bar. The inventive method leads to an improvement in the colour index of cellulose esters or the fibres and filaments produced therefrom, in an economical and technically simple manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high performance cigarette filter on the basis of cellulose ester fibers or filaments which can be mechanically disintegrated. The inventive high-performance cigarette filter is characterized in that a) the fiber weight (or filament weight)/draw resistance ratio S based on the filament titer is greater than approximately 0.7, the S value being calculated according to the formula S=(mA/&Dgr;P7.8/dpf[10 m/daPA], wherein mA refers to the fiber weight, &Dgr;P refers to the draw resistance and dpf represents the filament titer and for the draw resistance the value calculated for a diameter of 7.8 mm is inserted, b) the residual crimping value of the filter material does not exceed the value 1.45, c) the fiber weight amounts to maximally 10 mg/mm of the filter length, and d) the hardness of the cigarette filter is higher than approximately 90% filtrona hardness.

Abstract: This invention refers to the use of surface-active agents as a treatment of effluents containing acetic derivatives by tangential filtration characterized from aqueous solutions containing between 20 and 35% in weight of acetic derivatives having been optionally decanted and filtered in a conventional manner in order to remove suspended impurities, which undergo the addition of one or more surface-active agents, while submitted to the tangential filtration process via polymer membranes, the cutting range of which may vary between 0.001 and 0.

Abstract: A method has been developed for making regenerated cellulose yarn. The method includes the steps of spinning a solution derived from cellulose or a cellulose derivative in a molten state through at least one extrusion die, then regenerating the cellulose by treating the resulting yarn, wherein a silylated cellulose derivative is prepared by reaction with a silylating agent; the silylated cellulose is extracted from the synthesis reaction medium; then spun through at least an extrusion die; and the resultant yarn treated with a desilylation agent to regenerate the cellulose and a siloxane. The resulting cellulose yarns or fibers may be used for making woven or knitted textile surfaces or non-woven surfaces. Said yarns or fibers are also useful as reinforcing fibers in elastomeric materials and more particularly, in tires.

Abstract: This invention refers to the use of surface-active agents as a treatment of effluents containing acetic derivatives by tangential filtration characterized from aqueous solutions containing between 20 and 35% in weight of acetic derivatives having been optionally decanted and filtered in a conventional manner in order to remove suspended impurities, which undergo the addition of one or more surface-active agents, while submitted to the tangential filtration process via polymer membranes, the cutting range of which may vary between 0.001 and 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the treatment of solids with pressurized liquid gases, in particular liquid ammonia, with which the to be treated solid is fed into a pressure reactor at atmospheric pressure. Subsequently the pressurized liquid gas is fed to the pressure reactor and after a pre-set dwell time the resultant liquid gas/solid mixture is expanded explosion-like into an expansion tank. With this at least two reactors are operated in a time-staggered manner. Furthermore an apparatus is described for the treatment of solids with pressurized liquid gases, which comprises at least two parallel arranged pressure reactors for the alternating taking in of a solid and a liquid gas, which each have inlet and outlet openings for the solid provided with shut-off elements as well as each at least one inlet opening for the liquid gas, at least one expansion tank which is connected to the respective pressure reactors, and conveying means for feeding the solid as well as the liquid gas.

Abstract: The invention concerns reactive cellulose, i.e. cellulose having in particular a very low degree of crystallinity obtainable with a high degree of purity. Said novel reactive cellulose is particularly used as raw material for making cellulose ethers. The invention is characterized in that the reactive cellulose is substituted by organic groups according to a degree of substitution, DS, of less than 0.2, preferably between 0.04 and 0.2.

Abstract: A method for processing guar endosperm in which guar splits are brought into contact with an amount of liquid ammonia at least sufficient to wet the guar splits at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of at least 25° C. The remaining available guar split/liquid ammonia system volume is increased in an explosion like manner by reducing the pressure by at least about 5 bars resulting in the sheaths of the guar splits being torn open to result in a product that can be processed more easily, such as by grinding.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a melt-blown non-woven fabric based on cellulose esters, with fibers of mean diameter less than about 10 microns. The fabric contains 0-10 wt. % extractable softener, has a reflection factor determined according to DIN 53 145 Part I (1992) of more than 60% and the cellulose ester has a degree of substitution DS of about 1.5-3.0. The softener is preferably water-extractable. A melt-blown non-woven fabric is produced with the cellulose ester as follows: a cellulose ester, cellulose acetate, with a DS of about 1.5-3.0, in particular 1.7-2.7, is mixed with softener in a weight ratio of about 2:1 to 1:4 and simultaneously heated and melted. The mixture of softener and cellulose ester has a melting index MFI (210/2.16) according to DIN 53 735 of about 400 to 5 g/10 min., in particular 300 to 50 g/10 min. The melt is worked in a melt-blown spinning device into a melt-blown non-woven fabric and the softener is then extracted with a softener solvent to leave a proportion of 0-10 wt. %.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a cellulose acetate filaments.

Abstract: A description is given of a filter cigarette, whose filtera) contains fibrous filter material,b) contains an additive with an antimutagenic action on the cigarette smoke in a quantity of less than 15 wt. %, based on the fiber weight of the filter andc) on smoking a similar unventilated filter cigarette, but not containing additive, has a nicotine retention R.sub.N (in %) (determined according to CORESTA recommended method No. 9) satisfying the following formula:R.sub.N .gtoreq.100*(1-D)in which:D=exp(A*B+C),withA=21 mm-filter length (mm) for filter lengths.ltoreq.25 mm orA=-4 mm for filter lengths>25 mm,B=9.3*10.sup.-3 (1/mm) andC=-(d.sup.4 *.DELTA.p*K+L)with d=filter diameter (mm),.DELTA.p=draw resistance of filter (mm hydraulic pressure),K=1.0228*10.sup.-6 (1/(mm.sup.4 *mm hydraulic pressure)) andL=0.2334.

Abstract: The process for activating polysaccharides consists of contacting the polysaccharide with liquid ammonia at an initial pressure which is higher than atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of at least approximately 25.degree. C., the amount of liquid ammonia being sufficient at least for wetting the surface of the polysaccharide starting material which is then expanded. The volume available for the polysaccharide/liquid ammonia system is enlarged in the manner of an explosion by lowering the pressure by at least 5 bar. The process is particularly suitable for activating cellulose, guar gum, starch and chitin. The process enables cellulose to be modified in a novel manner. The activated polysaccharides display higher reactivity and improved elimination of reagents during acylation, alkylation, silylation, xanthogenation and carbomoylation with largely homogeneous reaction processes.

Abstract: An apparatus for the production of a multiple width fiber strip consisting of crimped interlaced filaments and having several zones extending in longitudinal direction of the fiber strip as well as at least one predetermined tear line (4) extending in longitudinal direction of the fiber strip, wherein the tear strength (daN) of the fiber strip, referred to the total denier (dtex) is at least about 1.7.times.10.sup.-4 daN/dtex, has a pair of transport rolls (8,9) for jointly transporting the supplied bands (1,2) and a crimping chamber (10.1, 10.1, 11, 12, 13, 14) which is arranged downstream of the pair of transport rolls (8, 9).

Abstract: A method is described for the production of a multiple width fiber strip consisting of crimped interlaced filaments and having several zones extending in longitudinal direction of the fiber strip as well as at least one predetermined tear line (4) extending in longitudinal direction of the fiber strip, wherein the tear strength (daN) of the fiber strip, referred to the total denier (dtex) is at least about 1.7.times.10.sup.-4 daN/dtex. The method produces one or several such fiber strips, with several separate bands (1, 2) being formed of substantially parallelly extending filaments and the formed bands being crimped jointly to produce one or several crimped fiber strips. The method makes possible the production of a multiple width fiber strip with the predetermined tear line referred to, processing on a double skein filter rod machine with a single (individual) treatment section.