Abstract: The present invention provides a method of reducing the pathogen content of sewage sludge comprising (a) adding to the sludge an effective amount of a phosphorous-containing compound and (b) keeping the phosphorous-containing compound in contact with the sludge for a sufficient time to reduce the amount of pathogens present in the sludge by an amount equivalent to a logarithmic reduction of 2 or more.

Abstract: Refrigerant compositions are disclosed which comprise: (a) pentafluoroethane, octafluoropropane, trifluoromethoxydifluoromethane or hexafluoro-cyclopropane, or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of at least about 35% based on the weight of the composition, (b) 1,1,1,2- or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, trifluoromethoxypentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of at least about 30% by weight based on the weight of the composition and (c) n-butane, in an amount from about 2.3 to about 4% by weight based on the weight of the composition.

Abstract: Refrigerant compositions are disclosed which comprise: (a) pentafluoroethane, octafluoropropane, trifluoromethoxydifluoromethane or hexafluoro-cyclopropane, or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of at least 35% based on the weight of the composition, (b) 1,1,1,2- or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, trifluoromethoxypentafluoroethane, 1,1,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of at least 30% by weight based on the weight of the composition and (c) n-butane or isobutane, in an amount from 1% to less than 2.3% by weight based on the weight of the composition.

Abstract: Acids having a pKa of less than about 4 may be used to stabilize certain perfluoroalkyl alkyl ketones, particularly a substantially pure perfluoroalkyl alkyl ketone, a substantially pure aqueous solution of a perfluoroalkyl alkyl ketone or a substantially pure hydrate of a perfluoroalkyl alkyl ketone.

Abstract: A non-azeoptropic refrigerant composition having a vapour pressure at −20° C. of from 70 to 190 kPa (0.7 to 1.9 bar), at +20° C. of from 510 to 630 kPa (5.1 to 6.3 bar) and at +60° C. of from 1620 to 1740 kPa (16.2 to 17.4 bar), which composition comprises: (a) 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), difluoromethoxytrifluoromethane (E125) or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of from 60 to 990 by weight, based on the weight of the composition; (b) from 1 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the composition, of an unsubstituted hydrocarbon of the formula CnHm in which n is at least 4 and m is at least 2n−2; and, (c) up to 39% by weight, based on the weight of the composition, of a vapour pressure depressant.

Abstract: Refrigerant compositions are disclosed which comprise: (a) pentafluoroethane, octafluoropropane, trifluoromethoxydifluoromethane or hexafluoro-cyclopropane, or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of at least about 35% based on the weight of the composition, (b) 1,1,1,2- or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, trifluoromethoxypentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of at least about 30% by weight based on the weight of the composition and (c) n-butane, in an amount from about 2.3 to about 4% by weight based on the weight of the composition.

Abstract: An aqueous composition suitable for coating a substrate is described. The composition comprises a reaction product of (i) at least one carboxylic acid containing from 3 to 22 carbon atoms; and (ii) at least one unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic amine or polyfunctional aromatic amine, containing from 2 to 25 carbon atoms; (iii) a complex crosslinking agent of a metal from groups Ia, IIa, IIIa or IVa of the first and second rows of the transition metals from the Periodic Table of Elements; (iv) a resin or oil, the weight ratio of the resin or oil to the sum of (i), (ii) and (iii) being at least 2.5:1; and (v) a thickener, a continuous dry layer obtained by applying the composition to Western Red Cedar providing a contact angle with water not exceeding 80°.

Abstract: Metal organic compounds comprising three or four atoms of cobalt or nickel, each linked through oxygen atoms to aluminum, silicon or titanium and comprising a combination of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acid residues are useful as adhesion promoters to promote the adhesion of brass coated steel to vulcanized rubber.

Abstract: A particulate silica which has been treated with a polymer oil jelly.

Abstract: Compounds containing a primary amino group are converted into compounds containing a fluorine atom in place of the amino group by reaction of the amino compound with hydrogen fluoride and a nitrosating reagent under the influence of ultrasound or microwaves.

Abstract: Fluorinated ethers of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or fluoroalkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R' is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or fluoroalkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R" is fluorine, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or fluoroalkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, e.g. Desflurane, are prepared by fluorinating a corresponding ether of formula: ##STR2## with a solid transition metal fluoride fluorinating agent such as cobaltic fluoride.