Abstract: The invention relates to a composition, in pellet form, useful for the nutritional and/or medicinal supplementation of ruminants and a method for admixing the pellets with foodstuff. The pellet contains granules of one or more active ingredients/principles protected against degradation in toe rumen and one or more binding agents capable of being solubilized, crosslinked or melted. Optionally, the pellet may also contain an unprotected active ingredient for release in the rumen. The pellet may further contain a disintegrating agent and/or filler.

Abstract: A method for determining in vivo the nutritional value of animal feed during the transit of the feed in the digestive system of ruminant comprising analysing said feed, more particularly ensilage, by near infrared spectrophotometry.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of methyl mercaptan which comprises reacting methanol and hydrogen sulphide in the vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is an alkali metal carbonate deposited on alumina, and wherein the reaction is carried out at a temperature below 350.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for the enzymatic hydrolysis of racemic .alpha.-substituted 4-methylthiobutyronitriles into racemic .alpha.-substituted 4-methylthiobutyric acid using a nitrilase from Alcaligenes faecalis, Gordona terrae or Rhodococcus sp.

Abstract: A process including a first stage wherein a feed gas stream containing acrolein originating, for example from the gas-phase oxidation of propylene to acrolein, is fractionated into a gaseous effluent and a liquid stream in a cooling column operating such that the temperature of the liquid stream at the bottom of the column is lower than or equal to the condensation temperature of the feed gas stream, the difference in temperature not exceeding 20.degree. C. and, a second stage, wherein the gaseous effluent is condensed at a temperature that is lower than 20.degree. C., to give a liquid fraction and a purified gaseous fraction, is disclosed. An apparatus for carrying on the purification process is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the condensation of an aldehyde with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a buffer is disclosed. The buffer advantageously allows the condensation reaction to occur at a pH equal to or above 4.0 and in the absence of amines.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of substituted phenols, in particular, the condensation of phenols having one or more alkyl substituents with a butadiene derivative comprising at least six carbon atoms, in particular myrcene and/or .beta.-springene is disclosed. The cyclization, in the form of chromans, of the products obtained during this condensation and their hydrogenation in order to prepare vitamin E is also disclosed.

Abstract: The use of protected active ingredients, preferably methionine, protected against degradation in the rumen as a hepatoprotective agent is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel intermediates for the preparation of vitamin A and carotenoids corresponding to the formula (II): ##STR1## in which A represents a hydrogen or an alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X represents a carbon atom, and to a process for their preparation and their use, and further relates to compounds for preparing intermediates of formula (II) corresponding to the formula (III): ##STR2## in which R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkoxyalkenyl group in which the alkyl groups have 1 to 10 carbon atoms and the alkenyl groups have 2 to 10 carbon atoms, each of said groups being linear or branched and each being substituted or unsubstituted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel intermediates for the preparation of vitamin A and carotenoids, corresponding to the following formula (I): ##STR1## in which X is a carbon atom; n is equal to 1 or 2; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be identical or different, each independently represent hydrogen, alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkenyl containing 2 to 11 carbon atoms or aryl, each alkyl and alkenyl may be linear, branched or cyclic, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cycloaliphatic compound which is optionally substituted; and R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8, which may be identical or different, each independently represent hydrogen, alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkenyl containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, each alkyl or alkenyl being linear, or if containing sufficient numbers of carbon atoms, may also be branched or cyclic, or an aryl containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or any two of R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of vitamin A which comprises condensing ethynyl-.beta.-ionol with the acetal of a C.sub.5 allylic halide in the presence of a catalytic amount of a copper-based catalyst and a base; hydrogenating the condensed compound; eliminating the hydroxyl functional group to obtain retinal; and correcting the retinal obtained.

Abstract: A nutrient or medicinal composition for administration to ruminants, which comprises one or more biologically active substances coated with a composition comprising a chitosan salt and at least one fat.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel intermediates for the preparation of vitamin A and carotenoids corresponding to the formula (II): ##STR1## in which A represents a hydrogen or an alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X represents a carbon atom, and to a process for their preparation and their use, and further relates to compounds for preparing intermediates of formula (II) corresponding to the formula (III): ##STR2## in which R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkoxyalkenyl group in which the alkyl groups have 1 to 10 carbon atoms and the alkenyl groups have 2 to 10 carbon atoms, each of said groups being linear or branched and each being substituted or unsubstituted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel intermediates for the preparation of vitamin A and carotenoids, corresponding to the following formula (I): ##STR1## in which X is a carbon atom; n is equal to 1 or 2; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be identical or different, each independently represent hydrogen, alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkenyl containing 2 to 11 carbon atoms or aryl, each alkyl and alkenyl may be linear, branched or cyclic, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cycloaliphatic compound which is optionally substituted; and R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8, which may be identical or different, each independently represent hydrogen, alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkenyl containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, each alkyl or alkenyl being linear, or if containing sufficient numbers of carbon atoms, may also be branched or cyclic, or an aryl containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or any two of R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of spherules and emulsions containing such spherules. A primary oil-in-water emulsion is formed containing particles comprising one or more active principles in oily form suspended in water, the water optionally containing at least one protein. Controlled division of the primary emulsion is achieved by combining the primary emulsion with a water-immiscible solvent to create a second emulsion containing spherules of the primary emulsion. Preferably, the particles of the primary emulsion have mean diameters of about 1 .mu.m, and preferably, the spherules contained in the second emulsion have a diameter ranging from 100 .mu.m to 500 .mu.m. If protein is contained in the primary emulsion, the protein can be cross-linked. Further, the spherules can be separated from the water-immiscible solvent.

Abstract: An oil-in-water emulsion is passed through a nozzle to form spherules which are allowed to fall countercurrent to a flow of cold air and which are recovered utilizing either a liquid crosslinking agent or a solution, preferably aqueous, optionally containing a crosslinking agent.

Abstract: A process for the crystallization of DL-methionine from a crystallization medium comprising DL-methionine and an aluminium salt of an organic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new method of condensing polyenic compounds wherein a compound having the formula III ##STR1## is condensed with a compound having the formula IV ##STR2## under the influence of a Lewis acid or a protic acid. R.sub.1 through R.sub.7 represent alkyl or alkenyl groups, A' is preferably chlorine, B is preferably a hydroxyl group, and n' is 0 to 10. The invention also relates to novel intermediates for use in the preparation of Vitamins A and E produced by means of the new method.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of vitamin A which preferably comprises bringing cyclogeranyl sulphone into contact with a C.sub.10 aldehyde acetal, halogenating the derivative obtained and then removing the halogen group and the sulphone, removing the acetal group and isomerizing the retinal obtained to the desired configuration. Also disclosed are compounds useful as intermediates in the synthesis of vitamin A and processes for preparation of these intermediate compounds.

Abstract: Catalysts based on rhodium and water-soluble phosphine obtained by using rhodium perchlorate as the precursor rhodim salt. Also, processes for the preparation of these catalysts and to their use are provided.