Abstract: A process of making polyvinylidene fluoride yarns and fibers of homogeneous structure and good dry strength includes the steps of spinning the solution of the polymer into a coagulating bath containing 45 to 60% by weight aprotic polar organic solvent and 40 to 55% by weight water, stretching the filaments in air to a ratio of 1.5 to 5x and then in boiling water to a ratio of 1.5 to 4x (overall stretching ratio of 3x to 6.5x) and then washing in water at room temperature.

Abstract: Non-inflammable filaments having good physical characteristics are disclosed, wherein the filaments have a chlorine content of 25-40% by weight and a sticking temperature of at least 215.degree.C, and a shrinkage of less than 32% when subjected to steam at 130.degree.C in the free or unrestrained state. The filaments are formed by spinning a mixture of incompatible polymers, one polymer, used in an amount of 50-99% by weight, containing 79.5 to 58 weight percent of acrylonitrile units, 20-40 weight percent of vinylidene chloride units and 0.5 to 2 weight percent of a comonomer which enhances dyeability, and the other copolymer, used in an amount of from 1-50 weight percent, containing from 20-50 percent by weight of acrylonitrile units and 50-80 percent of vinylidene chloride units.The filaments may be used in textile applications, such as for clothing, furniture upholstery, and the like.

Abstract: Multifilament yarn is interlaced by passing the yarn through an apparatus which impinges four streams or jets of fluid upon the yarn. The jets or streams of fluid are given a rotational component by auxiliary streams of air which impinge on the jets or streams with a tangential attitude. The yarn and impinging streams of fluid converge in a cavity located within an interlacing chamber wherein the height of the cavity is no greater than the smallest diameter of the cavity and wherein the inlet of the interlacing chamber is wider than the diameter of the cavity and the outlet of the interlacing chamber is narrower than the cavity.

Abstract: Fancy polyester based yarns are disclosed, wherein polybutylene terephthalate yarns comprise one or more filaments having irregular diameters, substantially constant crystallinity over the whole length of the filament, and a Young's modulus of less than 300 g/tex. These yarns are useful in textile applications wherein great pliability is required, such as for imitation silk fabrics, dress trimmings, and furniture fabrics.

Abstract: Methods of and apparatus for treating yarn with a fluid material include a chamber through which the yarn is advanced and an injection nozzle for impinging fluid on the yarn as it advances through the chamber. The injection nozzle is registered with a fluid circulation system in which a dyeing substance or other fluid treating substance or material is circulated. Upon interrupting the circulation of the fluid treating material, a portion of the material is diverted into the chamber through which the yarn is advancing. By interrupting the circulation of the fluid treating material according to a selected pattern, the fluid treating material will impinge on the advancing yarn with a corresponding pattern. If it is desired to impinge treating materials having different characteristics, such as dyes of different colors, then a plurality of circuits may be utilized to direct the fluid materials into the chamber through which the yarn advances.

Abstract: Polyesters having improved affinity for acid dyes are produced by incorporation, in the polyester-forming dicarboxylic acid and dihydric alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula ##EQU1## wherein the R's represent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic radicals, at least one R being substituted by at least a group capable of forming ester bonds with the recurring polyester units, at least two R's being capable of forming between them a ring which may contain quaternizable nitrogen atoms; and where:X.sup.n.sup.- is a stable anion of valency n of an organic acid or of a mineral oxyacid; and where:y is an integer equal to the valence of the anion.The resulting composition is melt spinnable.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2-phenyl-ethanol is provided in which ethylene is reacted with benzene and thallic trifluoroacetate in trifluoroacetic acid as the solvent to give 2-phenyl-ethyl trifluoroacetate which is then converted, in known manner, into 2-phenyl-ethanol.

Abstract: A safety barrier includes at least one cable of synthetic textile materials, wherein the cable is composed of a central core having parallel synthetic yarns individually encased in a flexible, insulating adhesive binder which is disposed in abutting concentric layers to form the core and which is encased in an outer protective layer of coated braid. The cable is spaced from a highway by supports having a frangable retaining elements thereon. The safety barrier is erected by placing it on the supports while maintaining the cable under a minimum tension of about 5 tons.

Abstract: A method for interlacing strands of a textile yarn by subjecting the yarn to a fluid current varying in direction and flow as the yarn passes through an interlacing zone under tension, and apparatus for implementing the interlacing method including an interlacing chamber having at least one element movably disposed in the interlacing chamber and movable by the fluid current to deflect the fluid current to vary the direction and flow of the fluid current.

Abstract: A surgical ligature in which a sterile thread has a surface on which is a succession of areas, for example, lines or dots, of contrasting shades, whereby at least one of the shades appears dark through a film of blood and at least one of the shades appears light through a film of blood. Such a ligature can readily be seen by the surgeon through the blood and against the background of the organ being stitched.

Abstract: A process for splitting primary or secondary alkylaromatic hydroperoxides into phenolic products and carbonyl products is disclosed which consists of reacting the hydroperoxide with a catalytic amount of an acid in the presence of an aprotic polar solvent which is a polymethylene-sulphone or an alkylene glycol carbonate which contains 2 to 4 carbon atoms (in the alkylene part).

Abstract: A selectively-permeable tubular element is provided which comprises an essentially tubular sheath of uniform textile material, the whole of which has been heated to a uniform temperature such that the sheath can subsequently be bent in an arc of radius of curvature not exceeding about 10 cm while retaining substantially circular cross-section, with a selectively permeable membrane applied to the sheath.

Abstract: Polyurethanes are rendered resistant to heat and oxidation by addition, as stabiliser, of a hydroxylic spiro-bis-indane of the formula: ##SPC1##In which each of the R.sub.1 radicals which may be identical or different; represents a methyl or ethyl radical, and each of Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, Z.sub.3, Z.sub.4, Z.sub.5 and Z.sub.6, which may be identical or different, represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group an alkyl radical, an alkoxy radical or a halogen atom.

Abstract: A process for preparing long-chain alkanedicarboxylic acids is described, starting from cycloalkanone peroxide, by double deperoxidation by means of ferrous ions in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: A process for simultaneously texturizing a plurality of yarns including feeding a plurality of yarns separately through the inlet of a texturizing device to a cylindrical chamber, supplying a hot compressed fluid to the cylindrical chamber to advance the yarns therein, the hot compressed fluid escaping into an outer closed chamber, and maintaining the outer chamber at a pressure less than the feed pressure of the hot compressed fluid and greater than atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Synthetic filaments having a dull appearance and a feel similar to that of natural fibers, as well as a process for making same, are disclosed. The filaments have an integral skin-core structure, with the core formed of oriented dense polymer and the skin formed of the same polymer, in a fibrous and vesicular form. The filaments are produced by spinning the filaments and quenching the filaments while in the molten state in an inert cooling medium having a temperature of less than 100.degree.C. The inert cooling medium is a swelling agent for the polymer at temperatures above the polymer solidification point and a non-swelling agent for the polymer at temperatures less than 100.degree.C, the degree of swelling progressively decreasing with the decrease of the polymer filament temperature from the polymer solidification temperature to the temperature of the cooling medium.

Abstract: Phenols and phenol ethers are hydroxylated with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sulphur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony. High yields of dihydric materials are obtained by this process which avoids the need to use peracids or very strong acids.

Abstract: Halogenated vinyl resins are redendered less susceptible to yellowing on heating by the incorporation of stannic chloride as well as a diorgano-tin dimercaptide.

Abstract: The invention relates to threads, fibers or films comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, with good dye affinity for plastosoluble and cationic dyestuffs.More particularly, the invention relates to threads, fibers or films formed of a mixture of vinylidene fluoride homopolymer and of a copolymer containing at least 60% by weight of methyl methacrylate units and 5 to 40% by weight of units of at least one acid ethylenic comonomer, copolymerizable with methyl methacrylate.The threads and fibers in accordance with the invention can be used in particular in the field of textiles.

Abstract: Textile articles comprise continuous filament yarns (or staple fibers obtained therefrom) of polyethylene terephthalate or another thermoplastic material, in which the individual filaments are of alternately decreasing and increasing thickness, the thinnest zones having the highest crystallinity index and molecular orientation and vice versa, but all the zones having a certain index of crystallinity, each filament having a non-spiral three dimensional crimp and a high apparent volume. The yarns are made by partially stretching the initial yarn in a crack or figure promoting agent, and relaxing the stretched yarn in two or more stages, in at least the last of which it is heated, preferably with a high temperature-time gradient.