Abstract: Some embodiments describe a system for rope-based localization. The system includes a rope; a first tag, and a second tag coupled to the rope at an interval from the first tag. A reader includes a reader tag sensor to detect the first tag and record a rope ID or a tag ID. The rope ID includes identifying information for the rope. The tag ID includes identifying information for first tag. An orientation measurement unit records orientation data for the reader. The reader is aligned with the rope. The reader orientation is taken as the rope orientation. The orientation data includes azimuth measurement and attitude measurement of the reader. A navigation device includes a navigation tag sensor to detect the first tag and a navigation processor to receive positioning data of the first tag.

Abstract: A browser based web conferencing method is disclosed, the method comprising transmitting browser code to a browser of an attendee computer connected to a network. The browser code comprises code segments for receiving image size information from a server, wherein the image size information identifies a size of a presenter display area of a presenter computer. An image is received from the presenter computer through the server, a size of an attendee display area of the attendee computer is determined, and the image is scaled to generate a scaled image that fits in the attendee display area.

Abstract: A browser based web conferencing method is disclosed, wherein a request to receive a screen update image of a first layer is transmitted over a network, and the screen update image of the first layer is displayed. A request to receive a screen update image of a second layer is transmitted over the network, and the screen update image of the second layer is displayed, wherein the screen update image of the second layer overlaps the screen update image of the first layer. An image-load script is executed in connection with receiving one of the screen update images, wherein the image-load script executes the request-update script after all of the screen update images of the first layer have been displayed.