Abstract: A hydroxyalkylated heterocyclic base is prepared by reacting a heterocyclic base with an alkylene carbonate in dimethylacetamide as a solvent, wherein the hydroxyalkylated heterocyclic base is isolated from the solvent using isopropanol or tert-butylmethylether.

Abstract: A polymerase inhibitor has first moiety coupled to a second moiety via an optional linker in which the first moiety binds to an initiation nucleotide binding site of a polymerase and forms at least two hydrogen bonds with an RNA template strand that is associated with the polymerase, and in which the second moiety comprised a compound that binds to a site proximal to the nucleotide binding site of the polymerase and thereby increases the affinity of the polymerase inhibitor to the polymerase.

Abstract: Conformationally restricted 2′, 4′-bridged nucleoside analogues are described herein. The compounds can be prepared by cyclization at C2′ and C4′ of nucleosides through a linker or linking molecule. These novel nucleosides have a desired, locked sugar pucker and are potentially useful as pharmaceutical ingredients, and especially for use in treatment of HCV.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside analogs having substituents at the C4′ and C5′ positions of the ribofuranose moiety are presented. Contemplated compositions exhibit, among other things, anti-cancer and immunomodulating effects at reduced cytotoxicity.

Abstract: Nucleosides, novel nucleoside analog compounds and their novel prodrug forms are disclosed. The novel compounds, prodrugs, or pharmaceutically acceptable esters or salts thereof may be used in pharmaceutical compositions, and such compositions may be used to treat an infection, an infestation, a neoplasm, or an autoimmune disease. The novel compounds may also be used to modulate aspects of the immune system, including modulation of Type 1 and Type 2 activity.

Abstract: Nucleosides and other compounds to selectively modulate Th1 and Th2 responses relative to each other in the treatment of disease. In one aspect of the invention, administration of a nucleoside or other compound reduces the dosage at which a primary drug is administered. In another aspect of the invention, an abnormality reflected in increased response in one group of cytokines is treated by administering a nucleoside or other compound that increases response in another group of cytokines. In yet another aspect of the invention, a patient is prophylactically treated by administering a nucleoside or other compound that selectively reduces Th1 activity without significantly reducing Th2 activity. In yet another aspect of the invention, a nucleoside or other compound is administered to a patient at a dose that reduces the patient's GTP pool to a degree that selectively reduces one of the Th1 or Th2 responses without significantly reducing the other response.