Abstract: Systems and methods for integrate satellite communications. A network of upward facing antennas placed on top of cell phone towers is established. Each upward facing antenna has a footprint at the altitude of a particular satellite orbit. Upward facing antennas are placed on cell towers so as to establish a continuous coverage over the orbit of a satellite(s) thereby allowing continuous communication using cellular technology with the satellite(s) on orbit.

Abstract: Fuel injectors of varying modes, shear or thickness, and megahertz are used to reduce the size of fuel droplets. The fuel injector has an expansion chamber and an orifice-containing face plate with a porous PZT material arranged adjacent to the face plate. The fuel passes through the porous PZT material as the PZT material is energized to realize reduced fuel particle size.

Abstract: The present invention is a system and method of software control flow watermarking including the steps of obtaining a program for protection, generating at least one watermark value using a formula or process from an external file, and placing the at least one watermark value in CASE values of the program. The system and method may further include determining the at least one watermark value by a formula with at least one variable. The formula may also contain a variable from outside of the program. The system may also stop the program if the variable from outside of the program is incorrect.

Abstract: Analysis of executable binary code is performed without detection by defensive elements embedded within the executable binary code or within a system in which the executable binary code is executing. An identified suspect executable file is disassembled. Statically and dynamically analysis is performed on binary code of the disassembled executable file. An anti-anti-debugging function is implemented by executing program call functions in a manner which avoids detection of a debugging program by the defensive elements embedded within the executable binary code of the anti-debugging function of the executable binary code, thereby avoiding detection by the source of the suspect executable file.

Abstract: A method to increase the image formation speed in a digital ultrasound system including annular array of N elements with a plurality of transmit and receive channels. Selectively dropping one or more transmit or receive channels during image formation reduces the amount of data needed to form an image and thus increases the image formation frame rate. The improved frame rate does result in some reduction in resolution, SNR and potentially DOF, but image quality remains at an acceptable level.

Abstract: Systems and methods for integrate satellite communications. A network of upward facing antennas placed on top of cell phone towers is established. Each upward facing antenna has a footprint at the altitude of a particular satellite orbit. Upward facing antennas are placed on cell towers so as to establish a continuous coverage over the orbit of a satellite (s) thereby allowing continuous communication using cellular technology with the satellite(s) on orbit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for detecting and locating brachytherapy seeds using Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA). The method exploits the presence of seed-specific repetitive echo signals in detecting seeds and determining their location. Radio frequency (rf) echo signals received from a scanned area of interest are converted to zero-mean envelope-detected signals and then processed using SSA to produce a spectral-power line (a P line). The P line indicates the relative likelihood of a seed being present. A colored P-mode image derived from a set of P lines is superimposed on a conventional ultrasound B-mode image to depict seed location.

Abstract: An ultrasound system is provided which includes a therapy ultrasound transducer and a diagnostic ultrasound transducer and operates in accordance with a method to direct the application of the therapy ultrasound. The method includes operating the diagnostic ultrasound transducer to acquire a first ultrasound image; simultaneously operating the diagnostic ultrasound transducer and therapy ultrasound transducer for a second interval to acquire a second ultrasound image; and determining a difference in the first and second images indicative of the pattern of the therapy ultrasound transducer signal. The difference in the images, which result from enhanced non-linearities and propagation distortions induced by the high intensity therapy ultrasound, can be obtained by subtracting the two images.

Abstract: A focused ultrasound beam is created using a probe having a curved linear array. The curved linear array is asymmetric and two dimensional comprising individual parallel circumferential, linear sub-arrays disposed at a distal end of a probe. A first sub-array is disposed proximate a distal end and a final sub-array is disposed proximate a proximal end with subsequent sub-arrays disposed between the first and final array. In practice, the first sub-array transmits a set of pulses of ultrasound radiation for a period of time then an adjacent array transmits a set of pulses of ultrasound radiation after a lag. The transmissions by each sub-array continue with a lag between each array transmission until the final sub-array transmits a final set of pulses of ultrasound radiation. The pulse is generated by each transmission is steered and focused depending on the phases and amplitudes of the pulses of ultrasound radiation transmitted by the full set of elements in the transmitting sub-arrays.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for detecting and locating brachytherapy seeds using Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA). The method exploits the presence of seed-specific repetitive echo signals in detecting seeds and determining their location. Radio frequency (rf) echo signals received from a scanned area of interest are converted to zero-mean envelope-detected signals and then processed using SSA to produce a spectral-power line (a P line). The P line indicates the relative likelihood of a seed being present. A colored P-mode image derived from a set of P lines is superimposed on a conventional ultrasound B-mode image to depict seed location.

Abstract: Techniques for fabricating high frequency ultrasound transducers are provided herein. In one embodiment, the fabrication includes depositing a copperclad polyimide film, a layer of epoxy on the copperclad polyimide film, and a polyvinylidene fluoride film on the epoxy. The assembly of materials are then pressed to bond the polyvinylidene fluoride film to the copperclad polyimide film and to form an assembly. The polyvinylidene fluoride film being one surface and the copperclad polyimide film being the other surface. The area behind the copperclad polyimide film surface is filled with a second epoxy, and then cured to form an epoxy plug.

Abstract: Techniques for fabricating high frequency ultrasound transducers are provided herein. In one embodiment, the fabrication includes depositing a copperclad polyimide film, a layer of epoxy on the copperclad polyimide film, and a polyvinylidene fluoride film on the epoxy. The assembly of materials are then pressed to bond the polyvinylidene fluoride film to the copperclad polyimide film and to form an assembly. The polyvinylidene fluoride film being one surface and the copperclad polyimide film being the other surface. The area behind the copperclad polyimide film surface is filled with a second epoxy, and then cured to form an epoxy plug.

Abstract: Techniques for fabricating high frequency ultrasound transducers are provided herein. In one embodiment, the fabrication includes depositing a copperclad polyimide film, a layer of epoxy on the copperclad polyimide film, and a polyvinylidene fluoride film on the epoxy. The assembly of materials are then pressed to bond the polyvinylidene fluoride film to the copperclad polyimide film and to form an assembly. The polyvinylidene fluoride film being one surface and the copperclad polyimide film being the other surface. The area behind the copperclad polyimide film surface is filled with a second epoxy, and then cured to form an epoxy plug.

Abstract: Techniques for fabricating high frequency ultrasound transducers are provided herein. In one embodiment, the fabrication includes depositing a copperclad polyimide film, a layer of epoxy on the copperclad polyimide film, and a polyvinylidene fluoride film on the epoxy. The assembly of materials are then pressed to bond the polyvinylidene fluoride film to the copperclad polyimide film and to form an assembly. The polyvinylidene fluoride film being one surface and the copperclad polyimide film being the other surface. The area behind the copperclad polyimide film surface is filled with a second epoxy, and then cured to form an epoxy plug.

Abstract: Methods are provided for enhancing the image of brachytherapy seeds implanted in tissue using a transrectal ultrasound apparatus. In a first arrangement the resonance of the seeds is determined and the seeds are insonified using acoustic signals having a resonance frequency of the seeds to cause the seeds to vibrate. The vibrating seeds have enhanced detection using a Doppler ultrasound device. In a second arrangement the acoustic signature of the seeds is determined and used to enhance the imaging of the seeds using a correlation function. In a third arrangement images are taken of the tissue and implanted seeds prior to and during the application of mechanical stress to the tissue. A correlation between the unstressed and stressed tissue can cause enhanced imaging of the seeds.

Abstract: Diagnostic ultrasound is used to measure distance from a transducer to selected tissue structure. In one arrangement, the focal point of a high intensity focused ultrasound transducer is adjusted in accordance with measured distance to the selected tissue structure. In a second arrangement a transducer transport apparatus moves a transducer to maintain a selected distance from tissue structure.

Abstract: An ultrasound system is provided which includes a therapy ultrasound transducer and a diagnostic ultrasound transducer and operates in accordance with a method to direct the application of the therapy ultrasound. The method includes operating the diagnostic ultrasound transducer to acquire a first ultrasound image; simultaneously operating the diagnostic ultrasound transducer and therapy ultrasound transducer for a second interval to acquire a second ultrasound image; and determining a difference in the first and second images indicative of the pattern of the therapy ultrasound transducer signal. The difference in the images, which result from enhanced non-linearities and propagation distortions induced by the high intensity therapy ultrasound, can be obtained by subtracting the two images.

Abstract: Methods are provided for enhancing the image of brachytherapy seeds implanted in tissue using a transrectal ultrasound apparatus. In a first arrangement the resonance of the seeds is determined and the seeds are insonified using acoustic signals having a resonance frequency of the seeds to cause the seeds to vibrate. The vibrating seeds have enhanced detection using a Doppler ultrasound device. In a second arrangement the acoustic signature of the seeds is determined and used to enhance the imaging of the seeds using a correlation function. In a third arrangement images are taken of the tissue and implanted seeds prior to and during the application of mechanical stress to the tissue. A correlation between the unstressed and stressed tissue can cause enhanced imaging of the seeds.

Abstract: An ultrasound system is provided which includes a therapy ultrasound transducer and a diagnostic ultrasound transducer and operates in accordance with a method to direct the application of the therapy ultrasound. The method includes operating the diagnostic ultrasound transducer to acquire a first ultrasound image; simultaneously operating the diagnostic ultrasound transducer and therapy ultrasound transducer for a second interval to acquire a second ultrasound image; and determining a difference in the first and second images indicative of the pattern of the therapy ultrasound transducer signal. The difference in the images, which result from enhanced non-linearities and propagation distortions induced by the high intensity therapy ultrasound, can be obtained by subtracting the two images.

Abstract: Improved methods of signal processing for generating estimates of tissue strain are presented. These techniques generally employ the frequency shifting of post-compression spectral data to determine a scaling factor which approximates the applied tissue strain. The scaling factor can be determined by finding the maximum correlation between the frequency shifted post-compression data to the pre-compression data and can also be determined by minimizing the variance of the ratio of such data. Correlation tracking and maximum correlation magnitude techniques for improving the results of elastography are also presented.