Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic for a target microorganism is provided.

Abstract: Formed constituents of a quiescent anticoagulated whole blood or other biologic fluid sample are optically analyzed by an optical scanning instrument. The sample is contained in a sample chamber that has a varying through plane thickness. The thickness of any fields of view in the blood sample which contain plasma lacunae can be calculated by the instrument as a function of signal emission strength emanating from the colored plasma in the lacunae. The signal emissions can be the result of sample fluorescence or can be the result of signal density emanating from the sample. Particle volumes can be measured as a function of signal emission suppression which is caused by formed particles in the blood sample.

Abstract: An open-loop internal monitoring system comprising (a) a plurality of internal radio transmitters, each being implanted in a human for transmitting a plurality of signal pulses, each pulse being encoded with unique identifying information; (b) a plurality of external radio receivers each having a corresponding clock, for receiving each of the plurality of signal pulses transmitted by each of the plurality of internal radio transmitters and for generating from each received signal pulse a plurality of data including at least a time-of-arrival generated in accordance with the synchronized clock of the external radio receiver and the internal radio transmitter identifying information; and (c) a central processor for (1) estimating a location for each internal radio transmitter in accordance with the time-of-arrival, (2) storing, for each human, authorized or unauthorized areas to which the human is assigned, (3) determining an event of whether the estimated location is within the authorized area or the unauthori

Abstract: A disposable cassette for testing the minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotic for a target microorganism is provided. The cassette includes a body, a sheet of microorganism growth medium, and a sensible reagent. The sensible reagent, which is incorporated into the sheet of growth medium, includes an antibiotic and a marker, and the marker has a signal with a magnitude proportional to its concentration.

Abstract: A sample of anticoagulated whole blood contained in a transparent tube is centrifuged so as to gravimetrically separate the various blood cell and other components by specific gravity. The tube may contain an insert or float which serves to elongate certain of the separated component layers. The various component layers may be periodically measured during the centrifugation step by a linear image dissector which can detect differential fluorescence in the several component layers. The blood component layers are caused to fluoresce by flashes of light which are directed toward the blood sample tube as the latter is being centrifuged. The gravimetric separation and quantification of blood sample constituent layers are thus both performed while the sample remains in the centrifuge.

Abstract: Centrifuged material layer volumes are measured and quantified during centrifugation of the material layers. The material layers are differentially highlighted, preferably by means of one or more fluorescent dyes or stains which are admixed with the sample being analyzed. This kinetic quantification procedure is particularly useful in performing differential blood cell and platelet counts. The blood sample is centrifuged while being subjected to a strobed light source. At least one photometric cell layer compaction measurement is made in conjunction with the light flashes so as to record a degree of cell layer compaction as the sample is being centrifuged. In certain cases, after several successive cell layer compaction readings are derived, a compaction curve is identified and the ultimate degree of cell layer compaction is calculated from the derived compaction curve prior to the achievement of the ultimate degree of cell layer compaction.

Abstract: A transparent capillary tube containing a blood sample, a float, an anticoagulant plus other reagents, is centrifuged in a centrifuge so as to cause the various blood sample constituents such as cells and the like to gravimetrically separate out in the tube. The blood sample is drawn into the tube which already contains the float and reagents. In order to ensure proper mixing of the blood and the reagents in the tube, the tube is periodically centrifuged in opposite directions so that the various formed components in the blood and the float will gravitate first toward one end of the tube and then toward the opposite end of the tube. The tube will preferably be contained in a cassette which is removably positioned on the centrifuge platen.

Abstract: A transparent capillary tube is held in a cassette-type container during blood drawing and blood testing procedures. The cassette protects the capillary tube against breakage; allows the placement of patient and blood sample testing information labels thereon; and allows technicians to draw and test blood samples without having to come into direct contact with the capillary tube, or the blood. Once the blood sample is drawn into the capillary tube, the cassette can be used in the performance of kinetic gravimetric blood cell counts.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring the linear extent and hence the concentration of several constituent blood cell types which are contained in the buffy coat of a centrifuged sample of anticoagulated blood.